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APRIL — MAY 2014
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R.R.P

{Includes GST)

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{\— HILLS DISTRICT ORCHIDS
\ Winter Open Day Sunday 27 July 2014

@183 Windsor Road Northmead 2152 NSW

Yam til 4pm (please park in Mary Street or Windermere Avenue)

Heaps of flowering orchids, rare species and unusual plants for sale,
as well as a full range of orchid related supplies and new and exclusive
Clivia miniata seedlings in a full range of colours.

Including regular vendors:
Tinonee Orchid Nursery and Macquarie Native Orchids

Phone: David Banks on 0412 123 036
E-mail: david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

HDO Open Days are held 4 times a year:

Autumn: Last Sunday in February (22 February 2015)
Winter: Last Sunday in July (27 July 2014)
Spring: Last Sunday in September (28 September 2014)
Summer: First Sunday in December (7 December 2014) —

www.hillsdistrictorchids.com

2°
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Pom the Editors Des

he winners in the various categories

for the Victorian Orchids of the Year
for 2013 were recently announced and are
featured in this issue with commentary
provided by Mery] Early. This is a wonderful
initiative from the Orchid Societies Council
of Victoria (OSCOV) which truly rewards exceptionally
well grown and quality orchids and their growers. Other
states, and even the national body, could learn a lot from
OSCOV in this positive way they are promoting orchids.

Lovers of Australian terrestrial orchids are again well
catered for. David Jones and Chris French describe three
new West Australian greenhood species from the genus
Pterostylis. In a second paper, David Jones along with
Mark Clements describe a new and distinctive Acianthus
species from the New South Wales — Queensland
Border Ranges.

I discuss a seldom seen Epigeneium species from
Vietnam, plus a rare colour form of the fragrant
“Coconut Orchid” Maxilliaria tenuifolia from Mexico.

Roy and Lee Neale from Leroy Orchids in New Zealand
talk about their recent interest and successes with
improved reed-stem Epidendrum hybrids. They come in
a much wider colour range these days, with better shape
and size than the standard garden variety “crucifix
orchids” that many are familiar with.

It’s nice to see Guido Braem writing again for the AOR.
In this issue he discusses the spectacular Phragmipedium
popowii and related species with which it has
been confused.

I sadly report the passing of two prominent orchid
growers from California, USA, who shared so much
knowledge and plants with the orchid fraternity.
Howard Gunn was one of the finest orchid growers I had
ever met, with one of the best private collections of
species and interesting hybrids. Howard, who passed
away on 27'h October 2013, had a special interest in
slipper orchids and made many trips around the globe
with his wife Joan to orchid conferences and to see
plants growing in the wild. Gerardus Staal appreciated
mainstream orchid genera but had a special interest in
the eclectic and the unusual. He specialised in hybridising
within the genus Masdevallia, but excelled in making
interesting and unusual intergeneric and intersectional
orchid hybrids. He was able to achieve some amazing
combinations. Gerardus passed away at home on
10th February 2014. Both gentlemen and friends were
88 years of age, and will be missed by their families and
vast orchid friendships from around the world.

We also note the untimely passing of Tony Rodgers on
4th January 2014, at 64. Tony was an avid naturalist who
had a special interest in photographing our native
terrestrial orchids in the wild. A number of his world
class photographs have appeared in recent issues of
the AOR.

Remember you can renew or extend your subscriptions
to the Australian Orchid Review on our secure website at
www.australianorchidreview.com.au

You can also visit our page on Facebook. _|

David Banks
Australian Orchid Review
david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

The Australian Orchid Review, April — May 2014

Victorian Orchids ihe Year 2013 ..
Rare colour form of Maxill lla Tenor
Growing Orchids in the Garden...
Cymbidium Magic Devon ‘Maisie’
New Species in the Pterostylis nana R.Br. complex (Orchidaceae)
from Western Australia - 1 ....... David L. Jones and Christopher J. French 19
Unusual colour form of Miltoniopsis vexillaria Andy Easton 28

Epigeneium chapaense
—a rarely seen miniature orchid species from Vietnam..... David Banks 29

Reed-Stemmed Epidendrums Roy and Lee Neale 33

Acianthus saxatilis (Diurideae: Orchidaceae),
a new rare species from the Border Ranges
region of eastern Australia............ David L. Jones and Mark A. Clements 41
The Enigmatic (?) Case of the Most Beautiful
Phragmipedium popowii ...

Miltassia Golden Spider

wu. Prof. Dr. Guido J, Braem 49
Sam Cowie 63

Regular Features:
From the Editor's Desk

Mail Order Bookshop

Advertiser's Index

BOA OrCICLEVeD tS av 1c iS. © [| \snemenreteretetertansee tea eee rane tea erntns 64
—e—————————__—————_——— eed

Editorial copy:

Articles for publication and consideration should be sent to:

AOR Editor, David P. Banks, 39 Carole Street, Seven Hills, NSW 2147
Email: david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

All other correspondence to:

AOR Publisher, Hills Orchid Publishing Pty Ltd, PO Box 4812, North Rocks, NSW 2151
@ 0433 422 792

Advertisers:

Deadline for advertising copy for the
June - July 2014 issue is Monday, 28 April, 2014

Alladvertising bookings and enquiries should be directed to:
Caitlin Hoolahan “@ 0433 422 792 Fax: (02) 9221 4242 or

Email: sales@australianorchidreview.com.au or
David Banks & 0412 123 036 Email: david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

Subscriptions:
See page 61 for Subscription information

Cover Shot

Sophrocattleya Royal Beau
‘Stanley’ HCC/OSCOV

} shown and photographed
by Michael Coker, featured

§ in the 2013 Victorian Orchids

| of the Year.

Phragmipedilum caudatum ‘Charlotte’
AM/OSCOV

was also Victorian Any Other

Species Orchid of the Year

- The Gerald McCraith Award.

Photo: Dieter Weise

by Meryl Early

Py he Orchid Societies Council of Victoria (OSCOV) has
J. conducted its 21st annual Victorian Orchids of the Year
competition. Digital pictures of all orchids that have received
OSCOV awards in the current year are considered, together
with any others submitted by Victorian growers. Success in
this competition relies not only on growing an orchid of
award quality but also on taking photographs of a similar
standard. As a consequence, those orchids with the highest
awards do not necessarily win this competition. In 2013, a
total of 62 OSCOV awards were granted (40 quality awards,
3 Awards of Distinction, 12 Cultural Certificates, 5 Certificates
of Botanical Merit/Recognition). Sixteen growers also entered
images of plants that had done well at their meetings or
shows. The OSCOV Judging Panel met in February 2014, first
to select the winners in the various categories, and then to

decide the overall winner. The results of the Judges’
adjudications are as follows:

The Victorian Orchid of the Year for 2013 (sponsored
by OSCOV) was Phragmipedium caudatum ‘Charlotte’ AM/
OSCOV, grown by Dieter and Astrid Weise of Wantirna.
This well presented orchid also won Victorian Species of
the Year —- The Gerald McCraith Award (sponsored by the
Orchid Species Society of Victoria).

As the ‘cultured’ orchid section has been keenly contested,
it was decided to separate these into Best Cultured Hybrid and
the Best Cultured Species. The Victorian Best Cultured
Hybrid of the Year (sponsored by Berwick Orchid Society)
went to Neil and Fay Allison of Drouin with their specimen
plant Dockrillia Phil's Delight ‘Neerim’ CC/OSCOV.
Marita Anderson and Chris Waterman of Jeeralang Junction

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

The Victorian Orchid ~
of the Year for 2013 was

_ Phragmipedilum caudatum —
‘Charlotte’ AM/OSCOV,

grown by Dieter Weise |
of Wantirna.

Photo: Dieter Weise —

won the Victorian Best Cultured
Species of the Year (sponsored by the
Maroondah Orchid Society) and will
also receive the OSCOV-sponsored
Gunter Haar Memorial Trophy (a large
framed photograph of their orchid and
an OSCOV silver medallion) for winning
the Victorian Best Cultural Orchid
of the Year with their spectacular
specimen plant of Masdevallia glandulosa
‘Tutu’ CC/OSCOV. A total of 12 Cultural
Certificates were granted during 2013.
All trophies will be presented at the
dinner to be held in conjunction with
the OSCOV’s ‘Melbourne Orchid
Spectacular’ Show at the KCC Park,
655 Westernport Highway (Skye) on
22"4 to 24th August 2014. The winners of
all other categories will receive smaller
framed photographic prints of their
orchids and OSCOV medallions at
this OSCOV Dinner on _ Saturday
23d August 2014.

Masdevallia glandulosa ‘Tutu’
CC/OSCOV. Photo: Marita Anderson

The Gunter Haar Award for the Victorian Best Cultural Award of the Year went to Marita Anderson and
Chris Waterman of Jeeralang Junction (eastern Victoria) who were delighted to win the Victorian Best Cultured Species
of the Year with their specimen plant of Masdevallia glandulosa ‘Tutu’ CC/OSCOV. Photo: Marita Anderson.

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

The Victorian Australian Native Orchid Species of the Year
(sponsored by the Yarra Valley Orchid Society) was Dendrobium speciosum
‘Sun Shower’ HCC/OSCOV, grown by Peter and Margaret Miller of
The Hanging Garden. Dendrobium Tyabb, grown by John and Barbara Welsh
of Stawell was Victorian Australian Native Orchid Hybrid of the Year
(sponsored by the Mornington Peninsula Orchid Society). This is one of the
rare cases where the winner of a particular category had not received an
OSCOV award this year, although the judges were unaware of this fact
during judging (at the time of judging the nature of any awards and all
cultivar names are withheld, so that the judges’ decisions are based solely
on the merit of the entries as shown by their photographs).

Victorian Paphiopedilum Hybrid of the Year (sponsored by the
Ballarat Orchid Society) was Paphiopedilum Black Spider ‘Mildura’ HCC/
OSCOV, grown by Andrew Francis and John Martin of Castle Creek Orchids.
This plant also won the Victorian Seedling of the Year - The Harold
and Florence Coker Award sponsored by Frances and Julian Coker.

Andy Tran of Templestowe won the Victorian Cymbidium of the Year
(sponsored by the Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria) with Cymbidium
Flaming Comet ‘Brownie’ HCC/OSCOV.

Marita Anderson and Chris Waterman of Jeeralang Junction with their plant
Masdevallia Carnival ‘Jester’ HCC/OSCOV won the Victorian Masdevallia of
the Year (sponsored by Warrnambool and District Orchid society).

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

< Dockrillia Phil’s
Delight ‘Neerim’
CC/OSCOV.

Photo: David Piko

W Neil and Fay Allison
of Drouin won The
Best Cultured Hybrid
of the year Dockrillia
Phil's Delight
‘Neerim’ CC/OSCOV.
Photo: David Piko

The Victorian Australian Native Hybrid of the Year was the plant of Dendrobium Tyabb grown by John and Barbara
Welsh of Stawell. Photo: Michael Matthews

Dendrobium Tyabb Photo: Michael Matthews

gO i ae

4% Victorian Paphiopedilum Hybrid of the Year, grown by Andrew Francis and John Martin of Castle Creek Orchids,
was Paphiopedilum Black Spider ‘Mildura’ HCC/OSCOV. It also won the Victorian Seedling of the Year — The Harold
and Florence Coker Award. Photo: John Martin

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

A Marita Anderson and Chris Waterman of
Jeeralang Junction (eastern Victoria) won Victorian
Masdevallia of the Year with Masdevallia
Carnival ‘Jester’ HCC/OSCOV.

Photo: Marita Anderson

< Victorian Cymbidium of the Year was won
by Andy Tran of Templestowe with the plant that he
hybridised Cymbidium Flaming Comet ‘Brownie’
HCC/OSCOV.

Photo: Andy Tran

The Victorian Laeliinea of the Year (sponsored by the
Mid-Murray Orchid Club) was Sophrocattleya Royal Beau
‘Stanley’ HCC/OSCOV owned by Michael Coker. He also
presented Paphiopedilum henryanum ‘Arbor’ AM/OSCOV
which won the Victorian Paphiopedilum Species of the
Year (sponsored by the Stawell Orchid Society). Another
plant of Michael’s was Phragmipedilum Inca Rose ‘Alexandra’
HCC/OSCOV won the Victorian Any Other Hybrid of the
Year (sponsored by the North East Melbourne Orchid Society).

Clive and Agi Halls of Mt Beenak Orchids won the
Victorian Oncidiinae Hybrid of the Year category

(sponsored by the Bendigo Orchid Club), this time with
Odontioda National Mint ‘Ivy’ HCC/OSCOYV. They also won
Victorian Award of Distinction of the Year (sponsored
by the Werribee Orchid Club) with Masdevallia Chilli Falcon
‘Beenak’ AD/OSCOV.

Although professional growers won only five awards in
2011, namely, Victorian Paphiopedilum of the Year and
Victorian Seedling of the Year (Castle Creek Orchids), the
Victorian Australian Native Species of the Year (The Hanging
Garden), and Victorian Oncidiinae of the Year and the Award
of Distinction of the Year (Mt Beenak Orchids).

AX The Victorian Laeliinea of the Year was Sophrocattleya Royal Beau ‘Stanley’ HCC/OSCOV shown by Michael Coker

of Heidelberg. Photo: Michael Coker

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

A. Michael Coker also grew the Victorian Paphiopedilum Species of the Year, namely, Paphiopedilum henryanum
‘Arbor’ AM/OSCOV. Photo: Michael Coker

Country growers won the categories for Victorian
Masdevallia of the Year, Victorian Best Cultured Species of
the Year and Victorian Best Cultured Hybrid of the Year,
Victorian Australian Native Hybrid of the Year. Amateur
growers from the Greater Melbourne area did a little better
this year than in the past, winning the categories for the
Victorian Species of the Year (also the Victorian Orchid of the
Year), Victorian Laeliinea Hybrid of the Year, Victorian
Paphiopedilum Species of the Year, Victorian Cymbidium of
the Year and the Victorian Any Other Hybrid of the Year.

The Australian Orchid Review, April — May 2014

Considerably more awards were granted in 2013,
but unfortunately many growers did not complete their
award ‘picture’ requirements before the 31st January 2014
cut-off date.

I thank the OSCOV Awards Secretary (and Past President),
Stephen Early, for providing the photographs used in
this article. |

Meryl Early
Carrum Downs, Victoria
Email: swearly@bigpond.net.au

Phragmipedilum Inca Rose ‘Alexandra’ HCC/OSCOV, grown by Michael Coker of Heidelberg was Victorian An
Other Hybrid of the Year. Photo: Michael Coker

12 www.australianorchidreview.com.au

AX The Victorian Oncidiinae Hybrid
of the Year was won by Clive and
Agi Halls of Mt Beenak Orchids with
Odontioda National Mint ‘Ivy’
HCC/OSCOV. Photo: Clive Halls

h
i

> Clive and Agi Halls
also won the Victorian
Award of Distinction of
the Year with Masdevallia
Chilli Falcon ‘Beenak’
AD/OSCOV.

Photo: Clive Halls

Mt Beenak
Orchids

No. 1 for Masdevallias

Check out our complete range
of cool growing orchids
on our website:
www.mtbeenakorchids.com.au
Cool growing orchids and
Mail Order our speciality

27 Hacketts Creek Rd, Three Bridges, Vic. 3797
Ph/Fax (03) 5966 7253
Email: clivehalls@bigpond.com

AOR 124

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

j_ —
|

Text and photos by David Banks

A pie “Coconut Orchid”, Maxillaria tenuifolia is one of about
a. 500 species of Maxillaria that are native to Central and
South America. It is a popular orchid in cultivation, largely
due to its ease of culture, reliable flowering every year, rich
blood-red coloured blooms anda most pleasant and distinctive
“coconut oil” fragrance. Many grow this species for the spicy
perfume alone.

Maxillaria tenuifolia is an upright growing species, with
long, stiff, narrow grass-like leaves (hence the name fenuifolia).
As the stems of linked pseudobulbs get longer they will often
begin to arch, eventually becoming somewhat untidy and
pendent. Such plants can be confidently cut back with the
sections of rhizome replanted. The main plant will re-shoot
from dormant growth eyes at the base of the specimen.

|
a“.

This (and related) species have a network of short dormant
roots hidden behind the brown papery bracts directly below
the base of the pseudobulb. These will quickly become active
and start growing when potted into suitable medium.

This species is common throughout Central America and
blooms throughout the summer. It has pale orange-red to
blood red 40-50mm flowers, with a yellow labellum spotted
in red, with a very strong and pleasant coconut fragrance.

On my visits to California, USA, I have been fortunate to
visit some amazing private collections and specialist orchid
nurseries. On a recent visit to the “Pandora’s Box” which is
Andy’s Orchids in Encinitas (north of San Diego), I was
treated to seeing an unusual colour form of this
epiphytic species.

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

This plant had yellow to light gold
blooms, and was labelled as Maxillaria
tenuifolia forma aurea. This is a rare
colour form and I doubtit isin Australian
orchid collections yet. I am sure this
would be a popular addition to specialist
orchid collections if plants were made
available. Andy’s collection is amazing
and inspiring....there are choice orchids
everywhere! I seem to spend most of
my time at Andy’s Orchids taking
photographs of things I have never seen
before. Incidentally, this rare colour
form was growing next to one of
the darkest and best-shaped examples
I have seen, as you can see from the
images with this note.

Maxillaria tenuifolia
forma aurea

Cultivation

This species withstands a wide
temperature range and can be cultivated
in a range of climates, from cool to sub-
tropical. In the tropics, it grows well but
can be a bit shy blooming, as it appears
to require a significant drop in night-
time temperature to initiate flowering.

Maxillaria tenuifolia is well suited to
pot culture, in a bark-based medium
that retains moisture that is also free
draining. Specimens may also be grown
on hardwood, cork or treefern. I find the
plants prefer treefern as it holds more
moisture and the fibres are easily
penetrated by the orchids moisture
seeking roots. Acclimatised plants will
take quite bright light, and this species is
readily grown with other orchid genera
such as Cymbidiums, Cattleyas and
softcane Dendrobiums.

Thanks again to Andy Phillips for
showing me through his vast collection...
again! a

David Banks

Hills District Orchids

Seven Hills, NSW

Email: david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

ee
Wy

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15_

rowing Orchids
in the Garden

Text and photos by David Banks

Ne all gardeners have greenhouses to grow their orchids
in. Orchids certainly can make an impact in an
established garden. To start with, only hardy and durable
orchids should be selected for incorporation into the garden.
There are few orchids that can be grown in the garden in cool
climates (mostly limited to select terrestrial genera), but the
number of species certainly increases as you move into
warmer climates.

Orchids on Trees

There are many orchids that will grow well on trees in the
garden. It is important to select the right type of tree, which
has a rough texture to the bark, that doesn’t flake or exude
gum. The obvious choice is to select trees that are fine orchid
hosts in the wild, but this isn’t always possible or practical.
If you are not sure, try it! The orchid will soon let you know
if it’s not happy.

Some of the best garden trees for “orchidscaping” include
Coral Trees (Erythrina sp.), Frangipani (Plumeria sp.),
Jacaranda, Liquidambar, English Oak (Quercus robur), Camellia,
Magnolia, Banksia, Melaleuca, Callistemon, Grevillea robusta, and
citrus fruit trees (Citrus sp.). The main trunk and branches
may be used. Larger plants may also be attached to the trunks
of mature palm trees that have a fibrous texture. This is only
a truncated list as there are hundreds of other suitable hosts.

Select a site for the orchid; remembering that most types
like to be kept out of direct summer sunlight. Deciduous trees
are ideal, as they let in plenty of quality light in winter and
provide shade during the heat of summer. Tie the orchids on
firmly, old pantyhose are ideal for this, avoid plastic-coated
wire, as this will cut into live trees. The plant may be given a
pad of Sphagnum moss at the roots to provide a bit of extra
moisture whilst the plantis establishing. The orchid appreciates
regular watering, at least for the first six months. After that
you will be surprised how hardy they are just relying on
rainwater. However the odd splash after a hot summer’s day
would be appreciated!

Tronically, you can have orchids that struggle in the general
collection, yet thrive when divisions are transferred to suitable
hosts in the garden. A couple of examples, from experience,
include Dendrobium monophyllum on a major frangipani
branch and Dockrillia cucumerina on the trunk of a Hakea. Not
only do they grow vigorously, but they also bloom heavily
throughoutthe year. You will find that the blooms (particularly
the pinks, reds and purples), on orchids grown out of doors,
will have a greater intensity of colour, than those grown in
the shadehouse.

There are many native twig epiphytes that thrive on the
outer stems of shrubs. Many epiphytic Sarcochilus species (and
their relatives), that are often difficult to maintain in the
shadehouse, will surprisingly bolt away on a live host, with
their roots travelling quite a distance away from the plant.

Examples of this include Sarcochilus dilatatus, S. hillii,
S. spathulatus and the related Plectorrhiza tridentata and
Papillilabium beckleri.

Orchids on Rocks

Sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and conglomerate,
and rocks of volcanic origin (basalts and granites) are the best
hosts for orchids in a rockery situation. Large boulders are
preferable to a grouping of small rocks. Limestone may also
be used. I have yet to see an orchid truly thrive when grown
on concrete. The lime content is just too strong for the orchid’s
roots. Some will try to justify this by pointing out that many
orchids are found in the wild growing on limestone. That is
certainly true, but limestone decays very slowly and any lime
released would hardly be detected. Select sites that provide
some shading during the heat of the day.

Terrestrial Orchids

A limited number of orchids are suited to growing in the
ground. Slugs and snails are the biggest enemy to terrestrial
orchids in the garden. They can literally destroy a season’s
growth overnight, and for the deciduous types this could
prove fatal. Hybrid cymbidiums may also be grown on
elevated beds of bark and compost with a ring of larger rocks
around them, to keep the mixture in.

/
Dendrobium speciosum
A subsp. hillii
‘= growing in the main
fork of a jacaranda

Suitable Orchids for the Garden
Obviously there are hundreds of potential candidates for garden
culture. However the following selection identifies plants that I have
seen thrive in what are not always ideal conditions.
# = tree orchid (epiphyte)
+ =rock orchid (lithophyte)
* = ground orchid (terrestrial)

Cool (temperate) climate

Bifrenaria harrisoniae # + | Dockrillia pugioniformis
Bletilla striata a Dockrillia striolata
Calanthe triplicata ‘s Laelia anceps
Coelogyne cristata # Pleione formosana
Dendrobium falcorostrum # Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii
Dendrobium kingianum + | Sarcochilus hartmannii
Dendrobium speciosum # + | Stenoglottis longifolia
Intermediate (sub-tropical) climate

Aerides odoratum Dockrillia linguiformis

#
Brassia verrucosa # + | Dockrillia teretifolia
Bulbophyllum rothschildianum # Epidendrum radicans

Er; | Rey nes eae Pia
=r =a Fi
,, y *
Cattleya bowringiana #+
Cattleya loddigesti #
Coelogyne fimbriata
ann Tl nee
I #
ieee Fi
l #
] f #+
j : Te
# +

Coelogyne ovalis # +

Dendrobium chrysotoxum #+
+
#

Dendrobium kingianum
Dendrobium nobile
Dendrobium speciosum # +
Warm (tropical) climate
Aerides lawrenciae #
Ansellia africana #+

Brassavola nodosa # Laelia purpurata
Broughtonia sanguinea #

Bulbophyllum longiflorum #+

Cattleya amethystoglossa #+

Cattleya intermedia # Rhyncholaelia digbyana
Cattleya skinner # | Rhynchostylis gigantea
Coelogyne pandurata # + | Rhynchostylis retusa
Dendrobium anosmum # | Sobralia macrantha
Dendrobium crumenatum # Vanda tricolor

David Banks

Hills District Orchids

Seven Hills, NSW

Email: david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

cy g'
genera an
| ferns &

Growing Orchids in

Cool Climate Australia
(Second Edition) 2013
Fraser, M.J., Wright, J., & Ferris, W.

Written by members of the Orchid Society
of Canberra this practical guide to the
cultivation of orchids also offers
somewhat more than the title suggests.
Topics include; what -are orchids,
structures for growing orchids, potting
media, mounting orchids, propagation,
pests and diseases and showing your
orchids. The main section covers
individual cultivation of the most popular
types of orchids that we all fall in love
with at the beginning... Cymbidium,
Cattleya, Oncidium, Paphiopedilum,
Masdevallia, Stanhopea... and much
more. Paperback. 128 pages.

$25.00 plus postage

Visa/MasterCard accepted

Australian
Orchid Foundation

AOR 021

P.0. Box 322,
Essendon North, Vic. 3041
Phone/Fax (03) 5627 6303

www.australianorchidfoundation.org.au

Cymbidium Magic Devon ‘Maisie’
was one of the more unusual and
distinctive newer Cymbidium hybrids
benched at the 2013 Orchid Expo in
New Zealand. Owned and exhibited
by Joe & Betty Vance of Villa Orchids,
__ this 2005 hybrid between Devon Caress
and Tethys was hybridised

by Andy Easton.
Photo: D.P, Banks

New Species in the
Pterostylis nana R.Br.
complex (Orchidaceae

from Western Australia -

by David L. Jones and Christopher J. French

Abstract

Pterostylis brunneola, Pterostylis jacksonii and Pterostylis lortensis
are described here as new.

Key Words

Orchidaceae, Pterostylis nana, Prterostylis brunneola,
Pterostylis dilatata, Pterostylis jacksonii, Pterostylis lortensis,
Pterostylis pyramidalis, Pterostylis timothyi, new _ species,
Western Australia, Australian flora.

Introduction

In the strict sense, Pterostylis nana R.Br. has been shown to
be confined to Tasmania, some Bass Strait islands and
southern Victoria (Jones 1998, Jones et al. 1999), although
there is still uncertainty as to the identification of populations
in northern Victoria and New South Wales. It is apparent that
considerable radiation and habitat adaptation has occurred in
Western Australia resulting in a complex of taxa which can
be recognised as distinct from Pterostylis nana sensu stricto.

Three species in the P. nana R. Br. group from Western .

Australia have been described; P. pyramidalis Lindl. described
in 1839, the enigmatic P dilatata A.S.George named in 1984,
which is the only member of the group which lacks a basal
rosette of leaves and P. timothyi (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto,
named in 2006.

Ongoing studies by us over more than 20 years have
identified numerous undescribed species ranging from 35mm
tall with very small tight rosettes and one to two stem leaves
to in excess of 450mm tall with a loose rosette and multiple
stem leaves. Some of these taxa appear to form related groups
while others seemingly stand alone.

Some of the undescribed taxa are common, widespread
and well conserved while others are known from only one or
two locations, are possibly quite rare and may be under
threat. It is extremely important that these taxa are formally
recognised to allow appropriate conservation measures to
be enacted.

Three species are described as new in this paper.

Materials and Methods

Descriptions of the new taxa were made from fresh
specimens. Unless otherwise indicated, all types of Pterostylis
relevant to this study (or photographs thereof), and collections
cited, have been seen by us.

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

Characterisation of Pterostylis nana R.Br.

Pterostylis nana R.Br. sensu stricto is characterised as follows:-
Rosette basal with 4-8 neat, stem-encircling leaves; lamina
ovate, 4-15mm long, 3.5-8mm wide, dull green, entire or
with wavy margins; petioles 3-7mm long. Scape 5-15cm tall,
thin, smooth or slightly scabrous. Stem leaf solitary,
ensheathing. Ovary glabrous. Flower solitary, stiffly erect,
10-15mm long, 4-5mm across, bright green and translucent
white, somewhat shiny. Galea apex horizontal or shallowly
curved; dorsal sepal and petals of similar length. Dorsal sepal
blunt. Lateral sepals tightly embracing the galea; conjoined
part shallowly curved when viewed from the side; internal
upper margin of synsepalum with a small dark green central
ligule-like growth; free points of synsepalum erect, filiform,
10-15mm long, smooth. Labellum not visible through the
sinus in any position. Labellum lamina ovate-oblong, 4-5.5mm
long, 1.5-1.8mm wide, margins with short cilia. Column
7-8mm long.

Illustrations: A detailed line drawing of Pterostylis nana
sens. strict. is included in Jones & Clements 2002, and a
photograph in Jones et al. 1999.

Taxonomy

1. Pterostylis brunneola D.L.Jones & C.J.French, sp. nov.
With affinity to Prerostylis nana R.Br. but differing by its loosely
sheathing, ovate-cordate stem leaves, larger brown and
white flowers, sharply pointed dorsal sepal, and narrowly
oblong labellum.

Type: Western Australia. Avon District; About 30 km
south-east of Narrogin; Wickepin-Harrismith Road,
6 September 1997, D.L.Jones 15379 (holo CANB 647909).

Illustration: Page 347, Hoffman &' Brown (1998), as
Pterostylis aff. nana. Page 359, Brown et al (2013), as Pterostylis
sp. “giant”

Description: Rosette basal, with 4-6 leaves; lamina elliptic to ovate,

12-25 mm long, 7-11 mm wide, mid-green, paler beneath, obtuse to acute, —

entire; petioles 2-5 mm long. Scape 8-15 cm tall, strongly scabrous. Stem leaves
loosely sheathing, 2-3, ovate-cordate, 8-15 mm long, 5-8 mm wide. Ovary
4-6 mm long, brownish to greenish, strongly scabrous. Flower solitary, 17-20
mm long, 5-5.5 mm across, translucent white with light brown stripes, ageing
darker brown. Galea apex horizontal to shallowly decurved; dorsal sepal about
as long as the petals. Dorsal sepal 19-23 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, inflated at
the base then tapered, striped in the proximal half, coalescent in the distal
half; apex acuminate. Lateral sepals tightly embracing the galea; sinus
protruding slightly when viewed from the side; conjoined part 9-10 mm long,
4-4.5 mm wide; central notch shallow, dark green to dark brown, with a

reddish-brown lobe c. 1.5 mm long, folded internally; free points erect, filiform
to narrowly clubbed, 12-16 mm long, verrucose. Petals 17-20 mm long, 4-5
mm wide, falcate, brownish with a narrow white central stripe; distal margins
flared, undulate to crisped; flange ciliate. Labellum erect, curved forwards
suddenly near the apex, white with sparse brown stripes in the proximal half,
red-brown to brown in the distal half. Labellum lamina oblong, c. 5 mm long,
2 mm wide; margins ciliate; apex obtuse. Callus c. 0.5 mm across, ridged,
expanding toc. 0.7 mm across near the apex; basal appendage deflexed, linear-
tapered, c. 2.2 mm long, curved up at the apex, with 3 sparse lobes. Column
8-9 mm long, angled away from the ovary at about 45° at the base then
obliquely erect, light green. Column wings c. 2.2 mm long; basal lobe c. 1 mm
long, c. 0.5 mm wide, at an angle of c.70°; anterior margin curved, obtuse;
inner margin and apex adorned with short white cilia; mid-section c. 1mm
long, brown; apical lobe linear, c. 0.4 mm long. Anther c. 1 mm long, obtuse.
Pollinia linear, c. 1 mm long, slightly falcate, mealy, yellow. Stigma central,
elliptical, c. 3 mm long, c. 1 mm wide. Capsule not seen.

Distribution and ecology: Endemic in south-western WA
where restricted to a small area near Lake Toolibin. The new
species grows in woodland dominated by banksias and groves
of tall sheoaks in deep grey to white sand. The soil among the
sheoaks is covered with a thick layer of sheoak needles.

Flowering Period: July-September.

Pterostylis brunneola,
‘Lake Toolibin, WA
* 040993

Recognition: Characterised by broadly ovate-cordate
stem bracts that spread widely from the stem, scabrous scape,
narrowly clubbed sepals and relatively large (13-14mm
long) brown and white flowers with a linear-oblong labellum.
By contrast Pterostylis nana has a thinner, mostly smooth
scape and ovary, much narrower stem bract(s) appressed to
the stem, smaller, narrower green and white flower and a
smaller ovate-oblong labellum with shortly ciliate margins.

Notes: This species is rarely found growing with other
members of the Pterostylis nana R. Br. complex. Some clones
with less brown colouration in the flowers and smaller
flowers have been found over a wider area between Corrigin,
Wagin and Lake Grace.

Conservation status: Of restricted distribution and
apparently becoming less common; suggest 3RC according to
the criteria of Briggs & Leigh (1996).

Etymology: The Latin brunneolus, brownish, in reference
to the flower colour.

Pterostylis brunneola,
Lake Toolibin, WA
040993

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

3mm

Pterostylis brunneola, Lake Toolibin, WA

a. flowering plants; b. flower from front; c. flower from side;

g. stigma; h. pollinium; i. dorsal sepal; j. lateral sepals;

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

10mm

2mm h

g 2mm

2mm
mn
. i
i

3mm

20mm

SIE,

d. labellum; e. column from front; f. column and labellum from side;
k. petal; |. stem bract; m. rosette leaf. © D.LJones 23 August 1989

21°

2. Pterostylis jacksonii D.L.Jones & C.J.French, sp. nov.
With affinity to Pterostylis nana R.Br. but differing by its larger,
thicker, fleshy leaves scattered up the scape, larger flowers,
lateral sepals with strongly clavate free points and, a larger
ovate-oblong labellum with scabrid to hairy margins.

Type: Western Australia. Darling District. Base of the
sumunit rock, north of Mt Frankland, 20 km north of Walpole,
Bill Jackson (D.L.Jones 10214), 1 October 1992 (holo CBG
9610254).

IWlustration: Page 360, Brown et al (2013), as Pterostylis sp.
“granite”

Description: Rosetie basal, leaves 5-8, mid green, dull; lamina ovate to
sagittate, 4-12 mm long, 3-8 mm wide, margins entire to slightly crispate,
apex acuminate; petioles 3-9 mm long, slender, narrowly winged. Scape 3.5-
10 cm tall, c. 1 mm wide, tuberculate. Stem leaves 3 or 4, narrowly ovate-
lanceolate, 7-12 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, acuminate, spreading, sheathing at
the base. Ovary 3-7 mm long, green to light brown, tuberculate. Flower solitary,
14-18 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, stiffly erect, white with green markings, the
colours coalescent towards the apex of galea where usually dark green,
sometimes light brown towards the galea apex. Galea shallowly gibbous at
base then erect, bending forwards suddenly in the distal quarter, apex nearly
horizontal or shallowly decurved; dorsal sepal longer than the petals. Dorsal
sepal ovate-lanceolate, 20-23 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, inflated at the base
then sharply tapered to long acuminate apex, boldly striped, apex darker.

Pterostylis jacksonii,
‘Mt Frankland, WA
100995 j

Lateral sepals erect, tightly embracing the galea; conjoined part 8-11 mm long,
4.5-5.5 mm wide, narrowed to c. 2.5 mm wide at the base, protruding in a
shallow bulge when viewed from the side, the upper margins sloping gently
to a dark green central notch, tapered suddenly into the free points; central
lobe c. 1 mm long, obtuse, dark green, folded internally; free points held high
above the galea 13-19 mm long, filiform, erect or slightly reflexed. Petals
obliquely oblong, 13-16 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, strongly falcate, distally
dilated, anterior margins slightly irregular, subacute to obtuse, green with a
narrow white central patch; flange broadly obtuse, c. 3 mm wide, the proximal
curved margin glabrous. Labellum erect, curved forwards suddenly near the
apex, not visible through the sinus in any position; basal claw ligulate,
c.2 mm long, c. 0.8 mm wide. Labellum lamina oblong-elliptic, 4-4.5 mm long,
c. 1.4-2 mm wide, white with green to brown markings, margins glabrous,
some crowded short white trichomes flanking the stalk of the basal appendage,
apex obtuse. Callus 0.2-0.3 mm wide at the base, expanding to c. 0.6 mm at
the apex, raised in a rounded central ridge; basal appendage c. 1.6 mm long,
c. 0.8 mm wide at the base, linear, deflexed, incurved near the apex, the
margins with short white antrorse trichomes, apex trifid, hairy. Column 6.5-
7.5 mm long, angled away from the ovary at about 45° at the base, then
obliquely erect, white and greenish-brown. Column wings 2.7-3 mm long;
basal lobe c. 1 mm long, c. 0.6 mm wide, white, at an angle of about 60°,
anterior margin curved, apex obtuse, with short white cilia; mid section
c. 1.2 mm long, brownish; apical lobe 0.4-0.6 mm long, linear, obtuse. Anther
c. 0.8 mm long, obtuse. Pollinia linear, c. 1 mm long, falcate, yellow, mealy.
Stigma elliptic, 2.4-2.7 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, raised, fleshy. Capsule
not seen.

Pterostylis jacksonii,
Poorongarups, WA
051099

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

Distribution and ecology: Endemic

in south-western Western Australia o Pterostylis jacksonii,
= cs Poorongarups, WA

ranging from north of Walpole to the yy 051099

Porongorups. It grows on ledges and in er

crevices on granite outcrops.

Flowering Period: July to end of
September.

Recognition: Characterised by broad
thick leaves either in a basal rosette or
scattered up the scape, relatively large
flower, thick free points on the lateral
sepals, dilated petals and an oblong-
elliptic labellum with minutely hirsute
margins. By contrast Prerostylis. nana has
smaller, thinner leaves in a distinct
rosette, smaller flower with filiform free
points, narrow petals and an oblong
labellum with entire margins.

Conservation status: Relatively
widespread but not common. Conserved
in two National Parks.

Etymology: Named after William
(Bill) Pownall Jackson (1929-2002),
dedicated orchidologist from Walpole
in south-western Western Australia.
Bill discovered this species and several
other new species of orchids from
near Walpole.

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The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014 23

10mm

imm

1mm

Pterostylis jacksonii, Mt Frankland, WA
a. flowering plants; b. flower from front; c. flower from side; d. labellum; e. column from front; f. column and labellum from side;
g. stigma; h. pollinium; i. dorsal sepal; j. lateral sepals; k. petal; |. labellum hinge. © D.LJones 29 September 1992

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

3. Pterostylis lortensis D.L.Jones & C.J.French, sp. nov.
With affinity to Prerostylis nana R.Br. but differing by its larger,
fleshy rosette leaves, scattered stem leaves, lateral sepals with
clavate free points, and an oblong labellum with scabrid/
hairy margins.

Type: Western Australia. Eyre District; Lort River, west of
Esperance, 24 September 1992, C. @ M. French (D.L.Jones
10166) (holo CBG 663584).

Illustration: Page 368, Brown etal (2013), as Prerostylis sp.
“south coast clubbed sepals”

Description: Rosette basal, with 3-5 leaves; lamina ovate, elliptic or
sagittate, 6-18 mm long, 3-12 mm wide, fleshy, bright green, dull-to shiny,
acute to obtuse; petioles 0-7 mm long, slender, narrowly winged. Scape 3-14
cm tall, glabrous to sparsely scabrous. Stent leaves erect to spreading, 2-5,
elliptic to ovate, 7-15mm long, 3-7 mm wide. Ovary 3-6 mm long, light green,
glabrous. Flower solitary, 11-13 mm long, c. 4 mm across, stiffly erect, white
with green markings, sometimes light brown towards the apex. Galea apex
nearly horizontal to shallowly decurved, the dorsal sepal as long as the petals.
Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, 15-17 mm long, 7-9 mm. wide, boldly striped,
apex subacute, darker. Lateral sepals erect, tightly embracing the galea, forming
a shallow curve when viewed from the side; conjoined part 6-7 mm long,
4.5-5 mm wide narrowed to c. 2.5 mm wide at the base; central notch dark
green, with a blunt dark green central lobe c. 1mm long; free points held high
above the galea or recurved, 7-9 mm long, thick, clubbed, often yellowish or
brownish. Petals 13-15 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, falcate, pale green to
brownish with a narrow white central patch; distal margins flared, entire;
flange glabrous. Labellum erect, curved forwards slightly near the apex, not
visible through the sinus in any position, white with green to brown markings.
Labellum lamina oblong, 4-4.5 mm long, c. 1.5 mm wide, margins scabrous,

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

with numerous short retrorse hairs, these dense on the proximal margins;
apex obtuse. Callus 0.2-0.25 mm across, wider at the apex; basal appendage
c. 1.6 mm long, margins ciliate; apex irregularly trilobed, hairy. Column 6.5-
7.5 mm long, angled away from the ovary at about 45° at the base, then
obliquely erect, white and greenish-brown. Column wings 2.7-3 mm long;
basal lobe c. 1 mm long, c. 0.6 mm wide, white, at an angle of about 70°,
anterior margin curved, apex obtuse, with short white cilia; mid section
c. 1 mm long, brownish; apical lobe 0.4-0.6 mm long, linear, obtuse. Anther
c. 0.8mm long, obtuse. Pollinia linear, c. 1 mm long, falcate, yellow, mealy.
Stigma elliptic, 2.4-2.7 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide. Capsule not seen.

Distribution and ecology: Extends from Boxwood Hill
to east of Condingup in a band about 25km from the coast.
Grows in moss pads on granite domes, under shrubs near
streams and occasionally the margins of winter-wet swamps.

Flowering Period: August - September.

Recognition: Characterised by relatively short habit, 5-6
large fleshy leaves arranged both in a loose rosette and
attached to the scape, glabrous to sparsely scabrous scape and
ovary, relatively small flower, clubbed free points (often
yellowish or brownish) and an oblong labellum with scabrous
margins (numerous short retrorse cilia). By contrast Prerostylis
nana has smaller, thinner leaves in a distinct rosette, smaller
flower with filiform free points, narrow petals and an ovate-
oblong labellum with shortly ciliate margins.

Conservation status: Widespread but not common.
Conserved in one nature reserve and the Fitzgerald River
National Park.

Etymology: From the type locality of Lort River.

Pterostylis lortensis,

Lort River

(Targon Road), WA
150996

- with potential pollinator

10mm

Pterostylis lortensis, Lort River, WA
a. flowering plants; b. flower from front; c. flower from side; d. labellum; e. column from front; f. column and labellum from side;
g. stigma; h. pollinium; i. dorsal sepal; j. lateral sepals; k. petal. © D.LJones 4 September 1993

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

Acknowledgements

Much appreciation to Anna Monroe for help with specimens at CANB; also the

directors and curators at CANB and PERTH for giving us access to specimens. We
also thank Jean Egan for preparing the drawings for publication, Mark Clements for
access to photos of type specimens, Marion Garrett and Karina Richards for technical
assistance. Special appreciation to Garry Brockman, Andrew Brown, Nye Evans,
Barbara Jones, Marie French and the late Bill Jackson for companionship on field
trips. Photographs by Chris French, drawings by David Jones.

Literature Cited

Brown, Andrew, Dixon, Kingsley, French, Christopher & Brockman, Garry (2013)
Field Guide to the Orchids of Western Australia, Simon-Neville Publications.
Hoffmann, Noel & Brown, Andrew (1998) Orchids of South-west Australia, second
edition with supplement, University of Western Australia Press.
Jones, D.L (1998) Contributions to Tasmanian Orchidology -7: A Taxonomic
Review of Pterostylis R.Br. in Tasmania. Austral. Orch. Res. 3: 135-177.
Jones, David, Wapstra, Hans, Tonelli, Peter & Harris, Stephen (1999) The Orchids
of Tasmania, The Miegunyah Press, Melbourne University Press, Carlton South,
Australia.
Jones, D.L & Clements, M.A. (2002) A Review of Pterostylis (Orchidaceae). Austral.
Orch. Res. 4: 3-168. |
David L. Jones
Kalaru, NSW, 2550
Email: dabajones@bigpond.com

Christopher J. French
Bateman, WA, 6150
Email: mail4cfrench@gmail.com

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The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

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oI o

es from Vietnam

Text & photos by David Banks

A: long as I can remember, I have had an interest in
4~xminiature orchid species. Whilst being drawn to the rare
and bizarre, I have also had a passion for those species that
have a relatively large bloom in relation to the size of the
plant. When you start a collection, you invariably start out
with some of the more easily
grown and more common
species that are entrenched in
cultivation. Once these give
you success, one often then
seeks out other similar but
often harder-to-find members
of the same genus.

I have grown two different
colour forms of the Taiwanese
endemic Epigeneium nakaharae
for almost three decades. Often
the specific name appears
incorrectly as nakaharai in
some literature. This is an
easily grown species that can
tolerate a wide temperature
range. In the wild it has an
extensive altitudinal range,
being found between 700 to
2400 metres. It is an epiphyte,
favouring the main trunks of
trees in broad-leaf forests. It is
an autumn flowering species
that was originally described in
1906 as Dendrobium nakaharae
then subsequently transferred
to Epigeneium in 1956.

A few years ago, Mark
Clements (who has done
molecular work on this and
related genera) and I were
discussing and observing the
various members of this genus
that I have in cultivation.
During these informal chats
Mark threw up a name that I
was unfamiliar with,
Epigeneium chapaense. Mark
mentioned it was closely related to Epigeneium nakaharae with
a similar growth habit and floral biology. On a subsequent
visit, Mark kindly gave me a piece of his plant.

Epigeneium chapaense appears to be restricted to the highland
cloud forests of North Vietnam at altitudes of between 600 —

Epigeneium chapaense

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

2200 metres. It blooms in early winter. It was described in
1932, and was controversially reclassified in 2011 as
Dendrobium brunneum, yet this move has had very
restricted botanical or horticultural acceptance.

Cultivation

I grow both of these species
in our shadehouses in western
Sydney, where they are
subjected to a massive 50°C
temperature range. Plants
have withstood short spells of
temperatures in the high 40’s
in summer and_ sub-zero
temperatures in winter. These
orchids prefer a temperature
range of between 8°C
and 32°C.

These orchids prefer a cool
and moist root run, and I have
had great success in growing
them in shallow pots in a bark
based medium (75% medium
treated pine bark, 10% coconut
chips, 10% peat moss and 5%
perlite). I use Port Pots which
are sturdy and provide the
orchids with excellent
drainage. Light levels around
the 70% mark seem to be
ideal.

They will also grow well on
soft treefern slabs, and
mounted plants will obviously
require more watering during
the warmer months. Once
plants establish they will
quickly ‘develop an extensive
root system that will be mostly
hidden in the interior of the
mount. I feel cork slabs would
be too “dry” for these orchids.

Both of these species
are well worth tracking
down and make a bright addition to the mixed botanica
orchid collection.

David Bank.
Hills District Orchids
Seven Hills, NSW
Email: david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

Epigeneium chapaense
- side view -

Epigeneium chapaense
showing growth
and flowering habit

‘
od
aise ar

oeihaicamoendindle

Please ensure that all slides, photographs
and electronic files are clearly marked with
the author’s name and address

Address editorial to:
David P. Banks (Editor)
Australian Orchid Review
39 Carole Street, Seven Hills
NSW 2147 AUSTRALIA

Email:
david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

Epigeneium nakaharae
- uncommon yellow form

Epigeneium nakaharae
typical coloured form

Epidendrum (Rose Valley x
Pacific Punchbowl)

by Roy & Lee Neale, Leroy Orchids, New Zealand

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

n August 2008 we purchased our first three flasks of

‘Compact Epidendrums’ from Murray & Jean Shergold of
Easy Orchids NSW when they visited New Zealand for the
Waitakere Orchid Club’s 25) Anniversary Show. These were
a serious improvement over the original “Crucifix Orchids”
that are often seen as garden plants in eastern Australia.

We had never grown reed-stemmed Epidendrums
previously but with a new property and a new growing shed
we decided to branch out and try something different. The
plants grew from the moment they were deflasked and within
12 months we had our first plants flowering — and what a
thrill they were, bright oranges,
reds and purples on squat plants
and flowers larger than the
‘usual’ common garden variety.
From that time on we have had
a succession of plants in flower
and the flower heads just seem to
get bigger with each flowering.
There seems to be no major
seasonal impact on the flower
timing and as they flower
sequentially after the first burst
they are out for many months, so
our ‘Epi’ bed seems to have
colour all year. From these first
three flasks we have achieved
two quality awards to date but
the majority of plants were sold
before flowering.

Inspired by what we saw from these first flasks we imported
a further ten flasks from Cal Orchid, California, in October
2011. Just over two years on, we really feel like the ‘Colour
Kittens’ as we now have such a selection of colours. We have
full round heads of flowers, and others with lesser heads but
bigger flowers, along with many different shaped intriguing
lips, all this on compact plants. The timing was perfect for the
7'h NZ National Orchid Expo in New Plymouth (in early
November 2013) where we released these plants for sale, and
our display consisting mainly of Epidendrums won the Best
Commercial Display.

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bark). We water every second day in summer always with
fertiliser added at CF6. During the summer growing period
we apply calcium nitrate monthly. In the winter we ensure
we water in the morning,
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use pure rain water.

Our plants grow in bright
filtered light with
approximately 50% shade to
the stage where the leaves
are showing tinges of red.
We have fans circulating the
air at all times.

Once a stem has flowered
cut it back by about a third to

r ¥ z ROU NES encourage basal shoots.
pidendrums and Roy Neale ‘

‘ (photo: Lee Neale) Repot when the roots fill the
* : pot but avoid over-potting.

Be on the alert for scale,
mealy bug and aphids and treat immediately if you spy any
of these pests.

We have found these plants very easy to grow and very
exciting with the colour range now available, we look forward
now to producing our own seedlings. (Thanks to David Banks
for the photographs he took of our plants at the NZ Expo that
accompany these notes.) |

Roy @ Lee Neale

Leroy Orchids

Whenuapai, New Zealand
Email: leeandroy@ihug.co.nz

No 5... 25-50mm (50 litre bag only)

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

Epidendrum group
7th NZ National Orchid Expo
in early November 2013,

Epidendrum (Pacific Sunset x
Pacific Punch)

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

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¢ Pacific Seniorita)

Snow Cocktail)

The Australian Orchid Review,

April — May 2014

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Acianthus saxatilis
(Diurideae: Orchidaceae), a new rare
species from the Border Ranges
region of eastern Australia

by David L. Jones and Mark A. Clements

Abstract

A previously overlooked species, Acianthus saxatilis
(Acianthinae: Diurideae), from the Queensland - New South
Wales Border Ranges region is described as new. Morphological
studies and comparison of DNA sequence data from other
Acianthus species confirms the identity and phylogenetic
position of this very distinct and extremely rare new species.

A routine search of herbarium specimens in. the BRI
herbarium uncovered a specimen of an Acianthus collected in
the Springbrook area of south-eastern Queensland in the
1950’s by David Hockings. The collection consists of 4
specimens with dehisced capsules and withered flowers. The
flowers, which clearly had segments larger than those
typically present on any known Australian species, had some
similarities to A. cymbaliformis and A. grandiflorus, both from
New Caledonia. The species appeared to be new but there
was a possibility that this collection might represent an
Australian outlier of a New Caledonian species. Kores (1989)
in his presumptive treatment of the genus reported that
Acianthella amplexicaulis (as Acianthus amplexicaulis) occurred
in both Australia and New Caledonia based on a single
misidentified collection in New Caledonia.

Examination of a carefully reconstituted flower taken from
one of the Springbrook specimens revealed that it matched
none of the New Caledonian species, nor any know Australian
species. Subsequent examination of fresh floral material
from two very small populations along the Border Ranges
region of Queensland and New South Wales showed the
morphological distinctiveness of this species. The existence
and location of this species was kept secret while research was
undertaken to determine the phylogenetic position to the
remainder of the Acianthinae through DNA analyses. This
species is here described as new on the basis of morphological
and molecular research.

Taxonomy

Acianthus saxatilis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., spec. nov.

Similar to Acianthus fornicatus R.Br. but differing by its
larger light green leaf; larger prominent floral bracts; shorter
inflorescence; larger light green and brown flowers; larger,
very broad cucullate dorsal sepal; broader lateral sepals held
horizontally in a close pair directly beneath the labellum;
petals spreading to upswept with an attenuate apex; and, an
ovate-lanceolate labellum which projects porrectly forwards
from the column base.

Typus: Queensland; Lightning Falls, Lamington National
Park, 12 Feb. 2010, M.T.Mathieson MTM0606, L.Rintoul and
M.Pears (holo BRI! AQ792112).

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

Description: Glabrous, terrestrial, tuberous herb growing in small
colonies. Stem erect to slightly bent forward, widest and darkest green at base,
40-90 mm tall, 1.5-3 mm thick. Leaf porrect, cordate, 38-70 x 20-90 mm, light
green above, reddish green to light greenish purple beneath, entire; veins not
prominent; apex attenuate to acuminate. Raceme erect, 3-8 cm tall, slender,
thinner than the stem, 1-5[-8]-flowered. Floral bracts prominent, cordate,
4-12 x 4-13 mm, light green, foliose. Ovary linear, 8-10 x 1-2 mm, curved,
light green. Flowers largest for the genus, porrect, 10-13 x 5-7 mm, light green
with faint light brown margins on sepals; labellum light greenish-brown to
greenish-yellow with light brown margins, brown callus and darker brown
apex. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, 8-12 x 4.5-8 mm, cucullate, acute to
apiculate. Lateral sepals connate at the very base then free, projected obliquely
forwards below the labellum and forming a flat to slightly concave platform-
like structure; each sepal asymmetrically oblanceolate, 9.5-14 x 3-3.5 mm,
narrowed to the base. Petals porrect to upswept, partially hidden by the dorsal
sepal, obliquely lanceolate, falcate, 7-9 x c. 3 mm, acuminate. Labellum sessile,
obliquely porrect, 8.5-10 x 4.5-5 mm, elliptical to elliptical lanceolate,
cymbiforme, thickest in basal half, flat to shallowly concave; margins entire
or distally irregular; apex acute to subacute or apiculate. Callus consisting of
paired basal glands and a narrow brownish central band; glands mostly
hidden, tonsil-like, each 1.5-2 mm long; central band c. 1 mm wide, restricted
to proximal two-thirds of labellum. Column erect, 4.5-6.5 mm long, shallowly
curved, green. Anther 0.6-0.8 mm long, rounded, with light brown band,
without a rostrum. Stigma elliptical, c. 0.7-0.8 mm wide. Pollinarium c. 0.8 mm
wide, consisting of two hemipollinaria, each comprised of a small
hemiviscidium and four pollinia in two unequal pairs; viscidium c. 0.2 mm

’ wide; pollinia clavoid, light yellow, the smaller four c. 0.35 mm long, the

larger four c. 0.5 mm long. Capsules ellipsoid, 10-12 x c. 3 mm. Figs 1 & 2.

Distribution and Habitat: To date this species is known
only from two localities in the Border Ranges region of south-
eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales.
It is extremely localised and forms relatively small colonies.
At the Lightning Falls locality it grows at about 1,100m alt.,
under ferns and shrubs among wet basaltic rocks in dense
subtropical rainforest. At the New South Wales locality it
grows at about 900m alt. among rocks (probably rhyolite)
in moss gardens under tall Hoop Pines (Araucaria
cunninghamiana). The soil at both localities is a brown loam.

Flowering Period: February to May.

Recognition: Acianthus saxatilis has flowers like no other
Australian species of Acianthus and is unlikely to be confused
with any other Australian orchid. It can be immediately
recognised by its relatively large leaf, large foliose floral bracts,
large greenish to greenish and brown flowers, very broad
cucullate dorsal sepal, broad lateral sepals held horizontally
in a close pair directly beneath and subtending the labellum,
spreading to upswept petals which have an attenuate apex
and an ovate-lanceolate labellum which projects porrectly
forwards from the column base. The labellum has a pair of
prostrate tonsil-like glands at the base, an abbreviated central
channel which extends about three-quarters of the labellum
length and an acute to apiculate apex.

(7.0%.2012.

Figure 1. Acianthus saxatilis, cult. ex. south-east of Best of All Lookout, New South Wales, B. Dalyell, drawn by Jean Egan, 17 Feb. 2012.

a. flowering plant; b. flower from front; c. flower from side; d. labellum from above, flattened; e. column from front; f. dorsal sepal;
g. lateral sepal; h. petal.

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

4mm

ASAT
PK) Hi
Ciuik fi (ti

Hdd

20mm

oe om

1mm

Figure 2. Acianthus saxatilis, cult. ex Lightning Falls, Queensland, B.Dalyell, drawn by D.L.Jones 20 April 2005.
a. flowering plant; b. flower from front; c. flower from side; d. labellum from above; e. column from side; f. column from front; g. bract;
h. dorsal sepal; i. lateral sepal; j. petal; k. pollinarium. A

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

Above:
Figure 3. Acianthus saxatilis: from Lightning Falls
(photo © L.Copeland)

Right:

Figure 4. Acianthus saxatilis: from near
Best of All Lookout

(photo © L.Copeland)

Notes: Acianthus saxatilis was first collected by
David Hockings in the Springbrook area of south-
eastern Queensland in June 1953 and the
specimen later lodged at BRI. One of us (MAC)
recognised the unusual nature of its floral form
even in closed pressed flowers, akin to several of
the 12 endemic species of Acianthus (now
Acianthella) from New Caledonia. Examination of
a carefully reconstituted flower revealed that it
Was unique, representing a possible new
Australian species. No other collections were
known until live material was sent to the senior
author by Verne Charlesworth in 2003. Further
material was received subsequently from
Bruce Dalyell.

Nuclear DNA sequences obtained by one of us
(MAC) from leaf material collected from these
two populations confirmed that A. saxatilis differs
from all other species of Acianthus by possession
of 14 unique nuclear ribosomal DNA bases in the
internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.

Bene

yee xs

Figure 5. Acianthus saxatilis:
from Lightning Falls _
- _ (photo ©D.L. Jones) -

Above: :
Figure 7. Acianthus saxatilis: from Lightning Falls
(photo © M.A. Clements)

Additionally the new species belongs to the genus Acianthus -

(Acianthinae: Diurideae) and not with any of the other
genera in that subtribe. It occupies an intermediate
phylogenetic position between other species of Acianthus and
Nemacianthus caudatus rendering the concept of the latter
genus questionable. Its genetic position confirms that it
possesses morphological character traits ancestral to the
remainder of Acianthus.

The flowers may be self pollinating or at least partially
autogamous since one specimen had a

Cultivation: Acianthus saxatilis is easily cultivated in live
sphagnum moss, taking care to allow for a short dry period
when the plants die back to tubers in the early summer
months. Flowering size plants reproduce one to several new
tubers each growing season (Helen Richards pers. comm.).

Specimens examined: cultivated ex New South Wales:

SE of ‘Best of all Lookout’, 23 June 2004, B.Dalyell (ORG 4489)
(CANB!).

pair of pollinia extruding from the
anther cap and curving downwards to
contact the dorsal surface of the stigma.
Nothing is known about its mycorrhizal
relationships.

Conservation status: Extremely
rare but known to be conserved in
Lamington National Park; threatened by
competition from colonies of Mistflower
(Ageratina riparia) at the Springbrook
locality; suggest 2Ec according to Briggs
& Leigh (1996).

Etymology: From the Latin saxatilis,
dwelling or found among rocks; in
reference to the rocky habitats where
this species has been found.

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

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AOR 126

Acknowledgements: We thank the Curator of
BRI for access to the collection and loan of specimens.
Special thanks to Verne Charlesworth and Bruce
Dalyell for the collection of specimens, Helen Richards
for her expertise in cultivating the plants, Jean Egan
for the illustration of a specimen from the Springbrook
population and preparing the drawing of the Lightning
Falls population for publication, and Lachlan Copeland
for use of his images.

References:

e Briggs, J.D. & Leigh, J.H. (1996). Rare or Threatened
Australian Plants, Revised Edition, CSIRO and
Australian Nature Conservation Agency.

¢ Kores, PJ. (1995). A systematic study of the genus
Acianthus (Orchidaceae: Diurideae). Allertonia
7: 87-220.

David L. Jones
Kalaru, NSW, 2550
Email: dabajones@bigpond.com

Mark A. Clements

Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research
GPO Box 1600

Canberra, ACT, 2601

Email: Mark.Clements@csiro.au

Below:
Figure 9. Acianthus saxatilis: ORG 4854
(photo © M.A. Clements)

Above:
Figure 8. Acianthus saxatilis: ORG 4854
(photo © M.A. Clements)

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The Enigmatic (?

Gace

of the Most Beautiful q
Phragmipedium popowilii

by Prof. Dr. Guido J. Braem

n a detailed article a decade ago in 2004, Braem, Ohlund
| Quené clarified the taxonomic situation around the
Phragmipedium caudatum complex, popularly referred to as
the “long-petaled phragmipediums”. At least we thought we
had clarified the issue as, for this publication, we had gone
back to the original literature, including the article written in
German by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, in our circles
usually referred to as Reichenbach fil. In that article, we came
to the conclusion that the group comprised five valid species
being (in alphabetical order): Phragmipedium caudatum
(Lindley) Rolfe (1896), Phragmipedium exstaminodium Castano,
Hagsater & Aguirre (1984), Phragmipedium lindenii (Lindley)
Dressler & N.H. Williams (1975), Phragmipedium popowii
Braem, Ohlund & Quené (2004), and Phragmipedium
warszewiczianum (Reichenbach fil.) Garay (1979). This
decision was also a confirmation of the article of Braem &
Ohlund (2004) in which we showed that “Cypripedium
humboldtii” (as “Humboldti’) had never been published, and
that in consequence, Phragmipedium humboldtii, as published
by Atwood & Dressler in 1998, was based on a linguistic
misunderstanding and had to be reduced to a nomen
illegitimum.

It did not take long for criticism to surface. Robert L.

Dressler, one of the most revered orchid taxonomists, has .

hitherto not been willing to accept that he and his co-author
Atwood, both having no language comprehension in respect
to German, have made a mistake, and the late Eric Christenson
dug up an alleged Selenipedium warszewiczii from Reichenbach
fil. which he transferred to the genus Phragmipedium
(Christenson 2006). A confused lecture by Quené for the
British Paphiopedilum Society brought further chaos. In the
meantime, Dressler valiantly defended “his” Phragmipedium
humboldtii in various articles (Dressler 2005, Populin &
Dressler 2011, Populin & Dressler 2012), and from Mexico
came an elaborate article dealing with Phragmipedium
warszewiczii (Reichenbach fil.) Christenson (Solano-Gémez &
Martinez-Ovando 2011).

So, who is right? Dressler & Co? Christenson? Braem &
Ohlund?

I think it is best to let the public decide, and for that reason,
I have again gone back to the original literature.

The case of Phragmipedium humboldtii

Phragmipedium humboldtii Atwood & Dressler is based on
the Botanische Zeitung. In the issue published on 1 October
1852, starting with page 689, we find an article entitled Neue
Orchideen der Expedition des Herrn J. de Warszewicz. In English
that means: New Orchids from the Expedition of J. de Warszewicz.
The article was authored by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach.

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

Before we go into detail regarding the pertinent sections of
the text, we should note the spelling of the name used by
Reichenbach. The official name of the researcher and traveller
in question is Jézef Warszewicz Ritter von Rawicz. Von
Warszewicz (1812-1866) was a member of the Polish nobility
and therefore carried the French nobiliary particle “de”,
which in German was translated to “von”, and is often
abbreviated as “v.” However, one cannot correctly interpret
this abbreviation without paying attention to the context.
In German, the “y.” can also mean “variety”; in French it can
mean “variety” or “voir” = “see”.

The text pertinent to Phragmipedium humboldtii is found on
page 691 and is here faithfully reproduced:

Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz. Ich besitze ein Exemplar und

eine Abbildung vom Autor. Ich verglich dieselbe mit den

Exemplaren des C. caudatum yon Ruiz, mit der Abbildung

in Hook. Ic. VII. 638. Paxton FL. G. 9. Auch ich glaube an

mehrere-Arten, wie Hr. von W. - Die Pflanze unsres Reisenden
ist aber genau dieselbe, welche in Hook. Ic. vorliegt; dieselbe,
welche Ruiz sammelte. Nach einer schlechten Bliithe letzterer
stellte Hr. Prof. Lindley sein C. caudatum auf: ich kenne
dieselbe Pflanze in guten Exemplaren, also genauer als der

Autor selbst und behalte fiir sie den Namen. - Von dieser

unterscheidet sich die Pflanze FI. Gard. t. 9. vor allem durch

ein quer zweilappiges steriles Staubgefass. Die Abbildung ist
sehr deutlich und Hr. Prof. L. sagt ausdriicklich: stamina sterili
transverso bilobo apicibus setosis. Die Abbildung in Hook. Ic.

Dagegen zeigt deutlich dasselbe Organ dreilappig, wie ich es

immer gefunden. Obschon ich héchst selten Pflanzen nach

fremden Abbildungen und Beschreibungen unterscheide, so
versteht es sich doch von selbst, dass ich einer Abbildung und

Beschreibung des Hrn. Prof. Lindley vertraue. - Ich setze die

Diagnosen beider so:

Cypr. caudatum Lindl. Orch. 5. 31.: phyllo supremo lato oblongo

acuto, inferiori subaequali, latiori, phyllis internis a latiori basi

linearibus longissimis, calceo oblongo ventricoso abbreviato
margine ostii pilis velutino, stamine sterili trilobo.- Hook. Ic.

1. c. C. Humboldti vy. Wszwcz.” Bliithen stark gelb, rothnervig,

Lippe purpurfleckig.” In Peruv. Andium nemoribus. Ruiz

! (Herb. Berol.!) In Quercubus montium Chiriqui. De

Warszewicz !

We must stress that the article was not authored by von
Warszewicz. In fact, only a single article about orchids is
known from yon Warszewicz. It was published in the
Allgemeine Gartenzeitung, No. 40 (5 October 1850), pp. 315 f.
and deals with Trichopilia suavis Lindley. There is no publication
by von Warszewicz about any Phragmipedium and therefore,
the issue is very simple: there is no Cypripedium humboldtii
Warszewicz. The citation “Cypripedium humboldtii Warsz, Bot.
Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 691. 1852” as given by Solano-Gémez

and Martinez-Ovando (2011) is incorrect as the article
referred to was written by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach.

Nevertheless, Populin & Dressler (2011, 2012) insist that
the entity was validly published by Reichenbach in said
article. That is simply wrong, as we wrote in 2004, and is due
to the incapability of Dressler to comprehend a German text
and his refusal to ask someone versed in German to explain
the issue to him.

I therefore supply a translation of the entire text. I divide
the text in sections to make the explanations clearer:

Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz. Ich besitze ein Exemplar und
eine Abbildung vom Autor. Ich verglich dieselbe mit den
Exemplaren des C. caudatum von Ruiz, mit der Abbildung
in Hook. Ic. VII. 638. Paxton FL. G. 9. Auch ich glaube an
mehrere Arten, wie Hr. von W. - Die Pflanze unsres Reisenden
ist aber genau dieselbe, welche in Hook. Ic. vorliegt; dieselbe,
welche Ruiz sammelte.

Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz. I am in possession of a
specimen and a drawing by the author. I have compared this
material with the specimens of Cypripedium caudatum von Ruiz
and with the illustration from Hooker's Icones VII. 638, and the
illustration from Paxton’s Flower Garden, 9. I also believe that
there is more than one species, as does Mr. von Warszewicz.
— The plant of our traveller is, however, fully identical with
the one that is illustrated in Hooker’s Icones and which was
collected by Ruiz.

Explanation:

(1) Reichenbach fil.’s “specimens” are dried herbarium
materials.

(2) The plants pictured in Hooker’s Icones and Paxton’s
Flower Garden are indeed different and do not belong to a
single species.

(3) The “traveller” is Jozef Warszewicz Ritter von Rawicz.

(4) Reichenbach clearly states that von Warszwicz’s plant
is fully identical with Cypripedium caudatum as pictured by
Hooker in his Icones and as collected by Ruiz.

From this section alone, there can be no question that
Reichenbach did not describe nor did he intend to describe the
plants he refers to as “Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz.” as a
separate species. He simply wrote about a plant that von
Warszewicz has referred to as “Cypripedium Humboldi.”

Nach einer schlechten Bliithe letzterer stellte Hr. Prof. Lindley
sein C. caudatum auf: ich kenne dieselbe Pflanze in guten
Exemplaren, also genauer als der Autor selbst und behalte fiir
sie den Namen. - Von dieser unterscheidet sich die Pflanze
FI. Gard. t. 9. vor allem durch ein quer zweilappiges steriles
Staubgefass. Die Abbildung ist sehr deutlich und Hr. Prof. L. sagt
ausdriicklich: stamina sterili transverso bilobo apicibus setosis.
Die Abbildung in Hook. Ic. Dagegen zeigt deutlich dasselbe
Organ dreilappig, wie ich es immer gefunden. Obschon ich
héchst selten Pflanzen nach fremden Abbildungen und
Beschreibungen unterscheide, so versteht es sich doch von
selbst, dass ich einer Abbildung und Beschreibung des Hrn.
Prof. Lindley vertraue. - Ich setze die Diagnosen beider so:

It was on the basis of a damaged flower of this same species
that Prof. Lindley described his Cypripedium caudatum. I know
this same plant from good specimens, and therefore I know
this plant better than the author and retain the name allocated
by him. The plant depicted in Paxton’s Flower Garden, t. 9,
differs from the former especially by a transversely two-lobed
sterile anther. The illustration is very clear and Prof. Lindley
explicitly writes: stamina sterili transverso bilobo apicibus setosis.

The illustration in Hooker’s Icones, on the other hand, distinctly
shows that the same organ is three-lobed, and that is how I
always found it. Although I rarely differentiate between plants
on the basis of illustrations and descriptions that have not been
made by me, it is evident that I trust an illustration and a
description from Prof. Lindley. — Therefore I define the
diagnosis as follows:

Explanation:

(1) Reichenbach fil. makes it clear that he knows
Cypr. caudatum well.

(2) Reichenbach clarifies that when he and von Warszewicz
speak of “different species”, they mean Cypripedium caudatum
and the plant depicted in Paxton’s Flower Garden, and that these
plants can be differentiated by the staminode which is trilobate
in Cyp. caudatum and bilobate in the plant depicted in Paxton’s
Flower Garden. Thus, his reference to “more than one species”
has nothing to do with “Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz.”

Cypr. caudatum Lindl. Orch. 5, 31.: phyllo supremo lato oblongo

acuto, inferiori subaequaii, latiori, phyllis internis a latiori basi

linearibus longissimis, calceo oblongo ventricoso abbreviato
margine ostii pilis velutino, stamine sterili trilobo.- Hook. Ic.

l. c. C. Humboldti y. Wszwcz.” Bliithen stark gelb, rothnervig,

Lippe purpurfleckig.” In Peruy. Andium nemoribus.

Ruiz! (Herb. Berol.!) In Quercubus montium Chiriqui.

De Warszewicz !

Explanation:

(1) The diagnosis refers to Cypripedium caudatum as
described by Lindley and the plant from von Warszewicz as a
synonym thereof, and Reichenbach quotes a short description
that probably is taken from the notes he got from von
Warszewicz. “Flower deep yellow, veined red, lip spotted
with purple.”

(2) “In Peruy. Andinum nemoribus. Ruiz !” means that the
plant was collected by Ruiz in the forests of the Peruvian
Andes. The “!” indicated that Reichenbach actually had seen
the specimen.

(3) “In Quercubus montium Chiriqut. De Warszewicz !” means
that the plant was collected in the oak forests of the mountains
of Chiriqui by Warszewicz, and again, the “!” indicated that
Reichenbach actually saw the specimen. Chiriqufis a province
on the western coast of Panama.

Populin and Dressler (2011, p. 167) agree with the above,
and write:

“The rationale of Braem and Ohlund (2004a. 2004b) who
argued that Reichenbach f. (1852) never described nor
intended to describe C. humboldtii, because he considered it a
synonym, is likely correct.”

Nevertheless, in their taxonomy section (page 168) they
claim that “Cypripedium humboldtii Warsz., Bot. Zeitung
(Berlin) 10(40): 691. 1852” is the basionym of Phragmipedium
humboldtii, an interpretation that is completely incongruous.
As Cypripedium humboldtii was never described, it is a nomen
nudum and cannot be a basionym.

In the same article, Populin and Dressler state that Linden
& Reichenbach fil. (1860) and Reichenbach fil. (1873) “gave
recognition ... to the same entity with the name Selenipedium
warscewiczii Rchb. f.”

The citation Linden & Reichenbach fil. (1860) refers to the
Pescatorea. There, we find Selenipedium caudatum as t. 24 (not
as t. 86 as cited by Pupulin & Dressler [There are only 48 plates
in the Pescatorea]). As “Synonym”, Linden & Reichenbach fil.
list “Cypripedium Humboldti Warszewicz, in Hortis.”

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

se ements

Thus, there is again no description and most certainly no validation as a species.
Instead, Reichenbach fil.’s 1852 decision to consider the plant sent by von Warszewicz
as a synonym of caudatum (here as Selenipedium caudatum) is confirmed.

The citation Reichenbach fil. (1873) refers to the second volume of the Xenia
Orchidacea. There, on page 189, we find a text entitled “Selenipedium wallisii” and in
his Latin diagnosis, Reichenbach writes;

“Affine Selenipedio caudato Rchb. fil et Warscewiczii Rchb. fil (caudato roseo Hort.

tepalis calvis.)”

In English: Related to Selenipedium caudatum Rchb. fil. and warscewiczii Rchb. fil.

(caudatum roseum Hort. tepals without hairs).

In this case, Reichenbach does not even mention the name “Humboldti’.

Thus there can be no doubt that “Cypripedium Humboldti” is a nomen nudum, and
that therefore Phragmipedium humboldtii (Warsz.) Atwood & Dressler (1998) is a
nomen illegitimum.

Below:
Fig. 3. Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindley) Rolfe (1896)
— courtesy of Robert-Jan Quené and Orchids Limited

Above:
Fig. 2. Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindley) Rolfe
(1896) — courtesy of John Varigos

Please ensure that all slides, photographs
and electronic files are clearly marked with
the author’s name and address

Address editorial to:
David P. Banks (Editor)
Australian Orchid Review
39 Carole Street, Seven Hills
NSW 2147 AUSTRALIA
Email:
david@hillsdistrictorchids.com

The case of Phragmipedium warszewiczi1

Phragmipedium warszewiczii (Reich. fil.) Christenson was
published in the Journal fiir den Orchideenfreund, 13(2): 141-
143 (2006). In that article, the late Eric Christenson lists
“Selenipedium warszewiczii (Rchb. f.), Xemia [sic.] Orchid. 2: 189.
1873” as basionym.

As we have discussed above, in that article, Reichenbach
states only that his Selenipedium wallisii is related to
[Selenipedium] “ Warszewiczii”. Nowhere can we finda description
of a Selenipedium warszewiczii, and therefore, there can-be no
doubt that Phragmipedium warszewiczii is a nomen nudum.

The Australian Orchid Review, April — May 2014

The case of Phragmipedium wallisti /

warszewiczianum

As seen above, Reichenbach, in his 1852 article, established
that the plant depicted in Paxton’s Flower Garden, t. 9, was not
identical with the plant sent by von Warszewicz, and thus not
identical with Lindley’s original Cypripedium caudatum, as he
clearly states that the Warszewicz plant was identical with
Cypripedium caudatum. Thus there was need to describe the
plant depicted by Lindley and Paxton, as that plant could not
claim the name “Cypripedium caudatum” since that name was
taken by the plant published by Lindley in 1840. He therefore
described this “second species” on
page 692.

C. Warszewiczianum: phyllo supremo
oblong acuto-acuminato, inferiori
subaequali, basi latiori, _longioli,
phyllis internis a latiori basi linearibus
longissimis; calceo oblong margine
versus basin glanduloso serrato, stamina
sterili transverso bilobo apicibus
setosis. Cyp. caudatum Lindl. - Fl. Gard,
I 9. p.31. — Wahrscheinlich ist dies das
C. caudatum, welches in Simpfen wachst
(marshy places.). [the English comment
is part of Reichenbach’s text.]

After the Latin description, the correct
translation of the German section of
the passage is: “This is probably the
C. caudatum that grows in marshy
places.”

This, however, means that the name
Cypripedium warszewiczianum is the
correct designation for the plant that for
decades was erroneously referred to as
Paphiopedilum (Cypripedium) wallisii.
This was recognised by Leslie A. Garay,
who transferred Reichenbach’s taxon
properly to the genus Phragmipedium
as Phragmipedium —_ warszewiczianum
(Reichenbach fil.) Garay in Orchid Digest
(1979).

Left:

Fig. 4. Phragmipedium warszewiczianum
(Reichenbach fil.) Garay (1979).

This is Plate 9 of the first volume of

Paxton’s Flower Garden (1850), depicting

a plant again named Cypripedium caudatum
by Lindley. Obviously, this plant differs from
the one published by Hooker in his /cones
Plantarum (fig. 1) 6 years earlier and needed
to be given a new name. Therefore,
Reichenbach fil. named this plant
Cypripedium warszewiczianum in (1852).

The plant, however, was erroneously called
Cypripedium wallisii (later Phragmipedium
wallisii) in horticulture and literature for more
than a century, until the error was detected in
1979 by Leslie A. Garay. Although Garay
corrected the error, and transferred the taxon
to the Genus Phragmipedium as Phragmipedium
warszewiczianum (Reichenbach fil.) Garay,
most orchid growers continue to use the
erroneous designation. The correct
designation is Phragmipedium warszewiczianum
(Reichenbach fil.) Garay with Phragmipedium
wallisii as its synonym. :

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Left:

Fig. 5. Phragmipedium warszewiczianum
(Reichenbach fil.) Garay (1979)

— courtesy of Robert-Jan Quené

and Orchids Limited

Below:

Fig. 6. Phragmipedium warszewiczianum
(Reichenbach fil.) Garay (1979)

— courtesy of Robert-Jan Quené

and Orchids Limited

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

Fig. 7. Phragmipedium warszewiczianum (Reichenbach fil.) Garay (1979) - courtesy of Robert Quené and Orchids Limited

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

The case of
Phragmipedium popowit

But this, in turn, meant that the plant
generally referred to as “Phragmipedium
warszewiczianum” needed a new name
and needed to be described properly.
That was done by Braem, Ohlund and
Quené in Richardiana (2004).

That same plant is also designated as
Phragmipedium humboldtii by Atwood &
Dressler (1998) and as Phragmipedium
warszewiczii by Christenson (2006). As
“Phragmipedium humboldtii” and
“Phragmipedium warszwiczii” are invalid
names, the correct name for this taxon
is Phragmipedium popowii Braem, Ohlund
& Quené.

Above:
Fig. 9. Phragmipedium popowii Braem et al. (2004)
~ courtesy of Robert-Jan Quené and Orchids Limited

Left:

Fig. 8. Phragmipedium popowii Braem et al. (2004)
(as Selenipedium caudatum var. giganteum).

This is Plate 96 of the Lindenia (1886).

This plant has commonly but erroneously been
designated as Phragmipedium warscewiczianum.

As that name is no longer available (and thus cannot
be validated), Braem, Ohlund and Quené named

it as Phragmipedium popowii in 2004.

www.australianorchidreview.com.au

Left:

Fig. 10. Phragmipedium popowii
Braem et al. (2004)

- courtesy of Robert-Jan Quené
and Orchids Limited

Below:

Fig.11. Phragmipedium popowii
Braem et al. (2004)

— courtesy of Olaf GruB

Right:

Fig. 12. Phragmipedium popowii Braem, Ohlund & Quéné, Richardiana 4: 185 (2004).
Synonyms: Cypripedium caudatum var. roseum Delchev. 1867;

Cypripedium caudatum var. warscewiczii (Rchb.f) Kerch. 1894;

Phragmipedium humboldtii (Warsz. ex Rchb.f.) J.T.Atwood & Dressler 1998;
Phragmipedium exstaminodium subsp. warszewiczii Dressler 2005 and others.

Photo courtesy of epidendra.org

The Australian Orchid Review, April - May 2014

LITERATURE CITED

Atwood, J.T. & Dressler, R.L. (1998). Clarifications and
new combinations in the Phragmipedium caudatum complex
from Central America. Selbyana, 19(2): 245-248.

Braem, G.J. & Ohlund, S. (2004). Une chausse-trappe
linguistique: Phragmipedium caudatum, Phrag. warszewiczianum,
Phrag. humboldtii. Richardiana, 4(4): 163-170.

Braem, G.J. & Ohlund, S. (2004). A language trap
Phragmipedium caudatum, Phrag. warszewiczianum, Phrag.
humboldtii. Orquideologia, 23(2): 146-152.

Braem, G.J., Ohlund, S. & Quené, R.J. (2004). The real
Phragmipedium warszewiczianum — A clarification of the
Phragmipedium caudatum complex (Phragmipedium section
Phragmipedium). Orquideologia, 23(2): 117-136.

Castafio Ramirez, G., Hagsater, E., & Aguirre Ledén, E.
(1984). Phragmipedium exstaminodium: una nueva especie de
Chiapas, México. Orquidea (Méx.), 9: 191-197.

Christenson, E.A. (2006). Das frithere Phragmipedium
caudatum aus Panama. Journal fiir den Orchideenfreund, 13(2):
141-143.

Dressler, R.L. (2005). La Chinela, alive and well in Western
Panama: notes on the Panamanian long-tailed Phragmipedium.
Orchid Digest, 69: 86-91.

Dressler, R.L. & Williams, N.H. (1975). Phragmipedium
lindenii. — Taxon, 24(4): 691.

Garay, L.A. (1979). The genus Phragmipedium. Orchid Digest,
43: 133-148.

Hooker, W. J. (1844). Cypripedium caudatum Lindl. Icones
Plantarum : 658-659.

Linden, J.J. & Reichenbach, H.G. (1860). Selenipedium
caudatum. Pescatorea.

Lindley, J. (1840). Cypripedium

About the Author
Guido Jozef Braem was born
8 December 1944 in Ghent,
Belgium. He has lived in Germany
since May 1970. Married to the
teacher Gudrun Braem, née
Schluckebier. Studied Biology,
English, and Art History at the
University of Giessen (Justus
Liebig University) and Ph.D.
(Biology with a thesis about the
taxonomy of Tolumnia) from the
University of Newcastle upon
Tyne (England). Full Professor of
Biology for UMUC (University of
Maryland University College).
He is the author of various books about orchids, carnivorous
plants, and an extensive biography of Charles Darwin
(available in English as eBook). Author of about 140 scientific
articles (in Orchids (USA), Die Orchidee (Germany), Orchid
Digest (USA), Richardiana (France); SIDA (USA), Australian
Orchid Review, etc.) A new edition of his Paphiopedilum book
(together with Guy Chiron and Sandy Ohlund) will be
published as an eBook in April 2014.
Guido J. Braem
Naunheimer Str. 17, 35633
Lahnau Germany
Email: braem44@gmail.com

caudatum Lindley — The Genera and Species
of Orchidaceous Plants, 7: 531.

Lindley, J. & Paxton, J. (1850) The
long-tailed Ladyslipper (Cypripedium
caudatum). Paxton’s Flower Garden, tab. 9,
pp. 37-40.

Populin, FE. & Dressler, R.L. (2011). A
nomenclatural note on Cypripedium
humboldtii (Orchidaceae:
Cypripedioideae). — Harvard Papers in
Botany, 16(1): 167-169.

Populin, F. & Dressler, R.L. (2012). ~
Von der Bedeutung einiger alter Namen e
bei Phragmipedium (Orchidaceae: °.
Cypripedioideae), mit einigen ,
Typisierungen. — Die Orchidee, 63(5):
383-393.

Reichenbach, H.G. (1852). Neue
Orchideen der Expedition des Herrn J.

de Warszewicz. Botanische Zeitung,
10(40): 689-698.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1873).

Selenipedium wallisii. Xenia Orchidacea:
Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Orchideen,
2B Mgt).

Rolfe, R.A. (1896). The Cypripedium
Group. Orchid Digest, 4: 327-334.

Solano-Gémez, R. & Martinez-
Ovando, E. (2011). Phragmipedium
warscewiczil, a new record for the

Mexican Orchid Flora. Revista Mexicana
de Biodiversidad, 82: 69-75.

Foe 0 080 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 00 00 0

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flowers of this group are known for their
distinctive shapes, patterns, and textures.
As appealing as these lovely tropical
orchids are, their identification has been
confused since the first species was described in the mid-1800s. Recent DNA
studies have led to a clearer understanding of relationships and, as a result of
this clarity, it is now possible to sort out the taxonomic problems and identify the
characteristics that set species apart. In this first book devoted to the Huntleya
alliance, author Patricia Harding presents evidence from the scientific literature,
other growers, and her own experience that will enable orchid enthusiasts
everywhere to identify their plants and grow them successfully. Patricia A. Harding
is an accredited American Orchid Society judge who has been growing

and ey eiNE orchids for
t ;

eae QURDISCOUNTPRICE $44.95...
was 585100. RRP (Incl. GST) rtusrostace avo Havoune

Patricia A.
Hardin:

260 pages, 150 colour
photos. Hardcover.

LYCASTE ORCHIDS -
Cultivation and Hybridisation
by A.F.W. Alcorn

Lycaste orchids are easy to grow, and they produce
flowers that range from the beautiful to the bizarre.
No book previously has provided detailed cultural
requirements of the Lycaste, and this book should
fill that gap, and encourage new growers to take up
the cultivation of this beautiful genus. A section on
hybridising contains valuable information on
inheritance and genetics that will benefit any
hybridiser, not just the grower of Lycastes, as well as
helpful hints on how to avoid pitfalls in your
hybridising program. Michael Hallett, a friend of
Fred Alcorn for a number of years, co-wrote this book with Fred and has completed
it posthumously. He has a background in genetics, research and botany,

and a passion for plants, 00
See ees OURDISCOUNTPRICE Sa15,0°...
was 5285 RRP (Incl. GST) PLUS POSTAGE AND HANDLING

Lycaste

Orchid:

Cultivation and Hybridisation

A. F; W. Alcorn

237 pages.
Colour and B&W.

THE WORLD OF ORCHIDS - 2

The World of Orchids — 2 has been written by
members and friends of the North Shore Orchid
Society about orchids grown in Sydney and its
environs, and we are indebted to those people
for their time and effort.

The world of,

| It has been produced to cover a large range of
genera to help not only the novice, but also the
experienced grower in their present fields of
interest, and to tempt and encourage them to
try other genera.

It should be pointed out that the methods of
culture used by the authors are those which they
themselves have found successful. Growers should try any changes to their own
culture gradually and on a few plants first, as orchids respond differently under

different conditions.
ee OURDICOUNTPRICE $492...
was 5110 RRP (Incl. GST) tus postase ano HANDLING

ANGRAECOID ORCHIDS:
Species from the African Region
| by Joyce Stewart,

Johan Hermans,
and Bob Campbell

These so-called Jewels of Africa’ with their
sparkling flowers, distinctive growth habit
and floriferous nature are much prized and
this account, the first to include the
Angraecoid orchids of both Africa and
Madagascar, is long awaited. It brings
together, in a single volume, descriptions of
all 690 species in this intriguing group of
orchids and will be the essential reference
for all Angraecoid orchid enthusiasts for
years to come. Including such horticulturally
important genera as Angraecum, Aeranthes, Aerangis and Jumellea. Stewart,
Herman and Campbell have all spent time in various parts of eastern and
southern Africa and precise ecological information relating to habitat, altitude
preferences and flowering season of individual plants will be particularly helpful
to growers. The diagnostic features of each genus are illustrated and over half
the species are accompanied by exquisite photographs taken in both wild
habitats and in cultivation.

By the Members andi

80 pages.
Colour and B&W.

432 pages,
720colow photes. URDSCOUNTPRIGE $459,%..,
Hardcover. was 98995 RRP (Incl, GST) Pts rostace avo HaNouN

MASDEVALLIAS:
Gems of the Orchid World

by Mary E. Gerritsen and
Ron Parsons

For the species orchid enthusiast, cool to
intermediate orchid grower, or anyone simply
“mad about Masdevallias,” this is a first complete
reference to these collectible new world orchids.
An inspiring tribute to their beauty and a practical
guide to their care, the book offers detailed advice
on all aspects of culture. For those enthusiasts who
are up to a challenge, chapters on propagating,
showing, and registering Masdevallias are also
included. Ron Parsons is one of the finest nature photographers in the world and
has an encyclopaedic knowledge of species orchids, with the genus Masdevallia

being one of his favourites.
300

QURDISCOUUTPRI. $449.95,
was 569195 RRP (Incl. GST) wus postase avo HANDLING

pages,
149 colour photos.
www.australianorchidreview.com.au

MASDEVA

190mm x 255mm.
Hardcover.

Australian

e
Recommended Our Plus Grand
r( , Postage Retail Price Discount Postage Total Number of Total
Item & Title Zone (RRP) Price & Handling Price Copies $

Review

1. Starting out with Orchids A = A$29.95 A$26.95 + A$7.00 = A$33.95
(Incl. GST) (Incl. GST)

e 2. Orchid Species of the Shoalhaven: = A$25.00 A$19.95 + A$3.00 = A$22.95
M al l O r d er NSW Australia (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST)
3. Orchids of Western Australia = A$89.95 A$54.95 + A$12.00 = A$66.95
books ho P (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST)
4. Orchids In Your Garden — = A$22.50 A$19.95 + A$7.00 = A$26.95
== mae |
5. The Allure of Orchids = A$39.99 A$34.95 + A$12.00 = A$46.95
(Incl. GST) (Incl. GST)
Postage Zones 6. Orchid: eela A$59.95 + A$12.00| = A$71.95
The Fatal Attraction old out (Incl. GST)
A Australia 7. Huntleyas and Related Orchids = A$85.00| $44.95 + A$12.00| = A$56.95
(Quoted A$ Dollars) (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST)

8. Lycaste Orchids -
All Overseas Orders Cultivation and Hybridisation

(Please contact us 9. The World of Orchids - 2
for a Postal Quote) 10

= A$28.55 A$15.00 + A$7.00 = A$22.00

(Incl. GST) (Incl. GST)

= A$11.90 A$9.50 + A$3.00 = A$12.50

(Incl, GST) (Incl. GST)

= A$89.95 A$59.95 + A$12.00 = A$71.95
(Incl. GST) (Incl. GST)

= A$69.95 A$49.95 + A$12.00 = A$61.95

(Incl. GST) (Incl. GST)

TOTALORDER $

. Angraecoid Orchids:
Species from the African Region

11. Masdevallias:
Gems of the Orchid World

Orchid

Review

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NSW 2151 AUSTRALIA

Text and photos by Sam Cowie

iltassia Golden Spider ‘Copius’ is an intergeneric
hybrid developed in Hawaii between the species
Miltonia clowesii @ Brassia Starry Knight. This is a
spectacular orchid that produces an abundance of flowers
on a vigorous robust plant. A vast improvement on a
simple bunch of flowers. This is just one of the pot plant
varieties we produce at. our wholesale nursery.
We specialise in easily grown and floriferous Oncidium
intergenerics in a wide range of colours, shapes
and styles.
Plants of this hybrid are now available from Tinonee
Orchid Nursery.

Sam Cowie
Kin Kin, Queensland

ay
£ ae

7" RETINA AUSTRALIA
“=\e7 Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
is the major cause of youth blindness!

If you have RP, or know someone who has,
please contact the charity/support group

RETINA AUSTRALIA

FIGHTING BLINDNESS
For information and assistance phone
1800 999 870
www. retinaAustralia.com.au

“Nicky’s Slippers”

One of the world’s leading Paph. breeders.

Exciting new Paphs. and Phrags.
now available.

send 3 x 60c stamps

NICKY ZURCHER

Box 326, Virginia, South Australia 5120
Phone/Fax (08) 8380 9360 Website www.nickysslippers.com.au

ire}
N
5
a
fo)
<

The Rock
Lily Man

2013 Seedlings - All New - Now!
Your starting point for

Den. speciosum

Gerry Walsh: Grower & Breeder
Seedlings, Divisions, Information

www.therocklilyman.com
0247 77 4456

AOR 039

The Australian Orchid Review, April —- May 2014 63

Australian Orchid Review

Editor: Victoria To join a Cymbidium Club in your state, contact:
David P. Banks Diane Sharam bidi TIbOe lial

Email: david@hillsdistrictorchids.com 1 Tynan Street, West Preston, 3072 ynbt O eaitty B ot Aust alia inc.

Address editorial to: Phone: (03) 9478 9764 51 Chamberlain Road, Padstow Heights NSW 2211
The Editor, Australian Orchid Review, Julie Forrest Phone: (02) 9773 9197 _

39 Carole Street, Seven Hills, NSW 2147 Australia Phone: (03) 5978 6045 Email: jahamilton.17@btinternet.com

aa RPE teek Ea Ceaa SUSI Sree CIs eebtett eel LTS SIAC STAT pode of Victoria Inc.
To join an orchid society contact these secretaries aay sail / 54 Worthington Road, Devon Meadows VIC 3977
New South Wales GPO. Box 730, Adelaide 5001 Phone: (03)'5998 2226

Veronica Clowes Phone: (08) 8721 3213 Cymbidium Orchid Club of South Australia Inc.
PO. Box 5396, Chullora NSW 2190 é Secretary, Jeanne Hall

Phone: (02) 9649 2719 Don Higgs 5 18 Coorilla Avenue, Glenelg North SA 5045
Email: secretaryosnsw@yahoo.com.au Basen cease SA 520 Phone: (08) 8294 5562

Queensland Email: jhiggs@internode.on.net The Cymbidium Orchid Club of

Maree Illingworth E Western Australia Inc.

PO. Box 126BC, Brown Plains 4118 Tasmania Secretary, Alice Lang

Phone: (07) 3800 3213 Jan Dicker 20 Urch Road, Kalamunda WA 6076

Email: rmillingworth@uq.netau GRO. Box 467, Hobart 7001 Phone: (08) 9257 1056

Western Australia BRON E03 ozs Publisher

Murray Baker Email: jtdicker@bigpond.com HILLS ORCHID PUBLISHING PTY LIMITED

c/- 58 Gladstone Road, Leeming WA 6149 Northern Territory CaM RAE
Phone: (08) 9310 2800 Tammie Coyne 39 Carole Street, Seven Hills NSW 2147 Australia
Email: murray.baker@iinet.net.au PO. Box 38493, Winnellie 0821 Phone: 0433 422 792 or 0412 123 036

While the Proprietors of the Australian Orchid Review endeavour to assure the reliability of advertising and editorial, neither the Proprietor of the “Australian Orchid Review” nor the Editor can assume Po forthe
advice or transaction between advertisers and readers. The opinions and recommendations that may appear in this publication eg the selection and use of teal plant-care products, including but not limited to
pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, are those of the individual authors, and not those of the Australian Orchid Review, which neither sup nor endorses suc ppinia and recommendations and disclaims all
responsibility for them. When selecting and using such products, readers should seek and obtain the advice of the manufacturer and of responsible government departments.

Editorial copy: Australian

ADVERTISERS INDEX
Articles for publication and consideration should be sent to:

C)
American Orchid Society ....scseessssssssssesesssssssssssesssese 39 AOR Editor, David P. Banks, 39 Carole Street, Seven Hills, NSW 2147 1g ; | ) | ‘el
Aranbeem Orchids perenmesestemrmnetmtsss ented 39 BULGE UL ATCalSiits ichliseetne

: All other correspondence to:
Aussie Plant Tags AOR Publisher, Hills Orchid Publishing Pty Ltd, PO Box 4812, North Rocks, NSW 2151

Review

Aussie Shade & Hothouses ‘B® 0433 422 792
Australian Orchid FOUNCAtION .sssssssssesasessesseeen 17 Advertisers:
: ; Deadline for advertising copy for the
Burleigh Park Orchid NUIS€TY .......ssssssssssssssssssseeeeesee 28 June — July 2014 issue is Monday, 28 April, 2014
Cedarvale Orchids All advertising bookings and enquiries should be directed to:
C-Mac Industries (Aust.) . 7, Caitlin Hoolahan “ 0433 422 792 Fax: (02) 9221 4242 or
ik . ae
DarksStarOrchiclsierssrterenccsseteeresee steers 47 eel St oe ale Dor aeview Comal Of
David Banks @ 0412 123 036 Email: david@hillsdistrictorchids.com
Easy. Orchids Beemer rt ee 58 ee
i, Subscriptions:
HillsiDistrictKOrchicspecesssameresseecsseemeccertetereties IFC See page 61 for Subscription information
Horticultural GOUrsesmmmsrmrnsssesteestrssteereeeeen .
Keikigrow (Flora Laboratories) ... rar 7
Kiwi Orchid Bark 2014 ORCHID EVENTS - H¥Ga7s on/

Mallee Phallicse=Ssseeaars sane emer eae 23 April 4-5 Castle Hill Intemational Orchid Fair July 27 Hills District Orchids
Mingara,Orchid|Fairgeeesss senses eee eemrreate 408 |e Sydney, NSW ~Winter Open Day —Northmead, NSW
Mien oenite April 12-13 Collector's Plant Fair August 2-3 Western Australian Orchid Society
ris rniitecnelwalaitih.. — Hawkesbury, NSW — Workshop & Show — Perth, WA
Nicky's Slippers April 26-27 Woodburn Orchid Society August 15-17 St ves Orchid Fair

ac : —Workshop & Show, NSW — St Ives, NSW
Orchieta Cee a ee Oe ee TS eas = May 9-11 Mothers Day Weekend Spectacular August 22-24 Melbourne Orchid Spectacular
Orchid Pot Company, The ....ssssssssscesssseecesssseessssssssee 15) | Port Macquarie, NSW 4 Skye, tear
Orchid SPEcies|P| UsPereeesmesecttetessersesessrseseeeeeert 27 May 16-18 Orchids Out West September 19-21 Eementanendiie Society
Orchidaceous Books ... ~48 | _ Hawkesbury, NSW Conference — Launceston, Tasmania
RANGES LNCS cones 27 | June 26-28 Parramatta & District Orchid Society September 28 Hills District Orchids
Orchid SINOU{l emesmenremeertestersttnetanreertett 23 | —Winston Hills Mall, NSW — Spring Open Day — Northmead, NSW
Red Diamond Design senennninnennnsnnnnnrnie 15) June 28-29 Mingara Orchid Fair & Show October 3-5 Southern Orchid Spectacular
Retina'Australiapeeseet eee ee 23,63 | —NSW — Caringbah, NSW
Rock Lily Man, The ...rssneneenntneinnntnneenneee 63 | July 5-6 Tinonee Orchids Open Day, October 23-25 Northern Rivers Orchid Species
Tinonee Orchids Workshop and Show — NSW Society — Lismore Shopping Centre, NSW

64 www.australianorchidreview.com.au

EXPOSED

Orchid growth in Pinus radiata bark

Comparative
photo from
Orchid growing
substrate trial
conducted at
Lincoln University,
New Zealand .
April, 2012.

(Photo unaltered) —

aie

Renae €
Fresh Bark Orchiata Aged Bark

There are several issues with Fresh (un-aged) bark, Orchiata, naturally aged bark provides orchid growers
of particular concern for newly potted orchids: significant growing benefits:

PATHOGENS NOT KILLED
* some sources of fresh bark contain harmful pathogens
* bark is un-aged and pathogens are not killed

* pathogens can spread easily in fresh bark

PATHOGENS = HIGHER RISK
* fewer beneficial microbes to resist growth of pathogens
* pathogen growth reduces beneficial microbe population
* pathogens greatly increase risk of disease in plants

¢ more cost and effort to correct pathogenic growth

REPELS WATER
* natural waxes in fresh bark are hydrophobic & repel water
¢ fresh bark does not initially hold water & nutrients well

+ inferior delivery of water & nutrients when first potted

* increased watering /nutrient requirement means more cost

pH TOO ACIDIC AND POOR CHEMICAL BALANCE
* fresh bark is too acidic for many orchid species

* requires additional expense, time and effort to correct pH
* plant phytotoxic compounds can suppress plant growth

INHIBITS / KILLS PATHOGENS
* temperatures exceed 150°F during the aging process

* pathogens cannot grow and any present are killed

* natural colonies of beneficial micro-organisms flourish

BENEFICIAL MICRO-ORGANISMS RESIST PATHOGENS

* Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. are just two of
many beneficial microbes, that flourish during the aging
process, that prevent pathogen growth

* Orchiata creates a healthier environment for plants

HOLDS & RELEASES WATER & NUTRIENTS

* aging removes waxes from surface of bark chip, allowing
Orchiata to hold water & nutrients on outer surface

* aged surface provides instant & consistent rewetting

* excellent delivery of water & nutrients from day one

IDEAL pH AND CHEMICAL BALANCE
* Orchiata's pH 5.5 - 6.5 is ideal for most orchid varieties
* Ideal pH & low EC reduces need for additives or flushing
* aging removes growth suppressive compounds

Available from Give your orchids the advantage of Orchiata’s industry leading quality and performance,
CITY Dd proven by award winning orchid growers around the world to be
&. best for consistently superior growth.
(=)
co =
a —
eo) >

a Orchiata

Tel: 1300 695 098

Www.gardencityplastics.com besgr OW.
Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, At the root of healthier plants.
Adelaide, Perth, Hobart, Launceton. www.besgrow.com

oe
Orn sup eRe

TINONEE ORCHIDS.

Must be seen in 2014

2014 DIARY |

_ Tinonee Orchids will be at the following shows and Orchid events.

February 23............Hills District Orchids - Autumn Open Day —
Mat 7-95 Queensland International Orchid Fair - Beenleich
April 4-5 Seis Hill International Orchid Fair - sydney
April 12-13 ............-Collector’s Plant Fair - Hawkesbury NSW —
April 26-27 vesseseseessWoodburn Orchid Society - Workshop & Show :
May.9-11 oe. Mothers Day Weekend Spectacular - Port Macquarie
May 16-18 ......... .....Orchids Out West - Hawkesbury NSW ee
June 28- ou Soro ..Mingara Orchid Fair® Show ~~
July 5- Gwar TINONEE ORCHIDS OPEN DAY & SHOW
CUI 27s Hills District Orchids - Winter OpenDay
August 2-3..........-...WA Orchid Society - Workshop & Show - Perth: oe
August 8- 10...........National Orchid Extravaganza - Dural
_ August 1/5-17..........St. lves Orchid Fair : ae
August 22-24..... ...-Melbourne Orchid Sawecullay - Skye, Victoria .
September 6-7........speciosum Spectacular - ‘Kempsey — oo

September 19-21 ....Tasmanian Orchid Society - Conference :
September 27-28... ..Plant Lovers Fair-Kariong

September 28..... Hills District Orchids - Spring Open Day

- October 3-5 votes SOUTHERN Orchid Spectacular - Cronulla —
November 1-2.........Gold Coast - Tweed Orchid Fair

; December Vivoes ssveeneeHills District Orchids - Summer Open Day —

_ TINONEE ORCHID ge

ah 768 ‘Tinonee Road, Tinenee: 2 2430 ‘www.tinoneeorchids.com >
Phone: eel 6553 We

_orchids@tinoneeorchids. com |

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